Smart piano system

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for providing a piano system are provided. In some embodiments, the methods include receiving a plurality of key signals related to a first performance of a piece of music, wherein each of the plurality of key signals corresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano during the first performance; generating first performance information based on the plurality of key signals; receiving musical data related to a second performance of the piece of music; receiving musical data related to a second performance of the piece of music, generating second performance information based on the musical data; and providing content for presentation on a display device based on the first performance information and the second performance information. The methods can also include receiving at least one pedal signal corresponding to motion of a pedal of the piano during the first performance, and generating first performance information based on the pedal signal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of International Application No.PCT/CN2016/080224, filed on Apr. 26, 2016, which claims priority ofChinese Application No. 201610028648.9 filed on Jan. 15, 2016, ChineseApplication No. 201610028650.6 filed on Jan. 15, 2016, ChineseApplication No. 201610027133.7 filed on Jan. 15, 2016, ChineseApplication No. 201610027147.9 filed on Jan. 15, 2016, ChineseApplication No. 201610027156.8 filed on Jan. 15, 2016, ChineseApplication No. 201610028718.0 filed on Jan. 15, 2016, ChineseApplication No. 201610059034.7 filed on Jan. 28, 2016, ChineseApplication No. 201620088254.8 filed on Jan. 28, 2016, and ChineseApplication No. 201610213505.5 filed on Apr. 7, 2016, the entirecontents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to a smart piano system, and more particularly,to a computer-implemented system and method to provide visualized andpersonalized piano system.

BACKGROUND

A piano (e.g., an acoustic piano) is a musical instrument played using akeyboard. The piano may include a protective case, a soundboard, metalstrings, hammers, keys (e.g., white keys and black keys), and pedals.The keys may be mechanically connected to hammers. When a key of theacoustic piano is pressed by a player, a hammer may strike the metalstrings and the strings may vibrate at their respective resonantfrequency. These vibrations may be transmitted to the soundboard andamplified by coupling the acoustic energy to the air. A note produced bythe piano may be sustained, by application of one or more pedals of thepiano, even when the keys are released.

As one of the world's most popular musical instruments, the piano iswidely played and studied today. A piano student (especially a beginningstudent) may find it difficult to learn fingering and hand positions,fingering sequences, pedaling techniques, and other piano techniques.Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a visualized and personalizedteaching system and method to assist in learning piano.

SUMMARY

Systems, methods, and media for providing a piano system are provided.In some embodiments, the smart piano system includes a processing deviceto: receive a plurality of key signals related to a first performance ofa piece of music, wherein each of the plurality of key signalscorresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano during the firstperformance; generate first performance information based on theplurality of key signals; receive musical data related to a secondperformance of the piece of music; generate second performanceinformation based on the musical data; and provide content forpresentation on a display device based on the first performanceinformation and the second performance information.

In some embodiments, the processing device further receives at least onepedal signal corresponding to motion of a pedal of the piano during thefirst performance, and generates the first performance information basedon the pedal signal.

In some embodiments, the piano system further includes a plurality ofsensors configured to generate the plurality of key signals.

In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors includes at least one ofan opto-electric sensor, a magneto-electric sensor, an angle sensor, ora piezo-electric sensor.

In some embodiments, the processing device is further to determinepositional information about a first key of the piano based on a firstkey signal, wherein the plurality of key signals includes the first keysignal.

In some embodiments, to determine the positional information, theprocessing device is further to compare a plurality of values of thefirst key signal with a plurality of reference values, wherein theplurality of reference values corresponds to a plurality of positions ofthe first key.

In some embodiments, to provide the content to be presented on thedisplay device, the processing device is further to generate at leastone display parameter for displaying the content.

In some embodiments, the processing device is further to generate thecontent based on the second performance information, wherein the contentincludes at least one content item indicative of a strength to beapplied to a key of the piano, an operation sequence of a plurality ofkeys of the piano, or a music sheet.

In some embodiments, the first performance information includes at leastone of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys, positionalinformation about the piano keys, or a musical note.

In some embodiments, the second performance information includes atleast one of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys,positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note.

In some embodiments, the content includes at least one virtual keyboard,and wherein the virtual keyboard includes a plurality of virtual keyscorresponding to a plurality of keys of the piano.

In some embodiments, the processing device is further to perform soundcompensation based on at least one of information of an acousticenvironment, a type of the piano, or the first performance information.

In some embodiments, to perform the sound compensation, the processingdevice is further to generate at least one parameter about at least oneof a volume, a frequency, or timbre.

In some embodiments, the processing device is further to: compare thefirst performance information with the second performance information;detect at least one error in the first performance based on thecomparison; and provide the content based on the error.

In some embodiments, a method for providing a piano system may include:receiving a plurality of key signals related to a first performance of apiece of music, wherein each of the plurality of key signals correspondsto motion of at least one key of a piano during the first performance;generating first performance information based on the plurality of keysignals; receiving musical data related to a second performance of thepiece of music; generating second performance information based on themusical data; and providing content for presentation on a display devicebased on the first performance information and the second performanceinformation. The method may also include: receiving at least one pedalsignal corresponding to motion of a pedal of the piano during the firstperformance; and generating the first performance information based onthe pedal signal.

In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium isprovided. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includeinstructions that, when accessed by a processing device, cause theprocessing device to: receive a plurality of key signals related to afirst performance of a piece of music, wherein each of the plurality ofkey signals corresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano duringthe first performance; generate first performance information based onthe plurality of key signals; receive musical data related to a secondperformance of the piece of music; generate second performanceinformation based on the musical data; and provide content forpresentation on a display device based on the first performanceinformation and the second performance information.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is further described in terms of exemplaryembodiments. These exemplary embodiments are described in detail withreference to the drawings. These embodiments are non-limiting exemplaryembodiments, in which like reference numerals represent similarstructures throughout the several views of the drawings, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a smart pianosystem according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate two exemplary processes for providing a smartpiano system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a signal acquisition engine accordingto some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 4A though 4C illustrate different types of coupling betweensensors and data receivers according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an opto-electric sensor according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates configuration of sensor-data receiver pairs accordingto some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7A illustrates configuration of a test lever and an interfaceaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 7B and 7C illustrate configuration of an adaptor according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates a key signal corresponding to a trajectory of a pianokey according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process forcalibrating one or more sensors of a smart piano system according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for acquiringkey signal according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates another example of setting thresholds correspondingto a trajectory of a piano key according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process foracquiring key signals according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a controller according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a teaching module according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process forperforming an teaching mode according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an error detection module according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process forperforming an error detection mode according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a playback moduleaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process forperforming a playback mode according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a display engineaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 21A though 21G illustrate examples of user interfaces forpresenting performance information and/or musical data according to someembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 21H illustrates examples of function-selection pedals according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a sound engineaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process for a soundengine according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 24 illustrates another example of a sound engine according to someembodiments of the present disclosure; and

FIGS. 25, 26A, and 26B illustrate a piano equipped with an exemplarypiano system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding ofthe relevant disclosure. However, it should be apparent to those skilledin the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without suchdetails. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, systems,components, and/or circuitry have been described at a relativelyhigh-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuringaspects of the present disclosure. Various modifications to thedisclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in theart, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to otherembodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scopeof the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limitedto the embodiments shown, but to be accorded the widest scope consistentwith the claims.

It will be understood that the term “system,” “unit,” “module,” and/or“engine” used herein are one method to distinguish different components,elements, parts, section or assembly of different level in ascendingorder. However, the terms may be displaced by other expression if theymay achieve the same purpose.

It will be understood that when a unit, module or engine is referred toas being “on,” “connected to” or “coupled to” another unit, module, orengine, it may be directly on, connected or coupled to, or communicatewith the other unit, module, or engine, or an intervening unit, module,or engine may be present, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and allcombinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The terminology used herein is for the purposes of describing particularexamples and embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. Asused herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may be intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “include,”and/or “comprise,” when used in this disclosure, specify the presence ofintegers, devices, behaviors, stated features, steps, elements,operations, and/or components, but do not exclude the presence oraddition of one or more other integers, devices, behaviors, features,steps, elements, operations, components, and/or groups thereof.

The present disclosure provides for a smart piano system that can becoupled with a musical instrument with one or more keyboards (e.g., apiano). In some embodiments, the smart piano system and/or one or moreportions of the smart piano system may be integrated with the musicalinstrument. In some embodiments, the smart piano system and/or one ormore portions of the smart piano system may be implemented asstand-alone devices.

The smart piano system can perform analysis on information about a pianoperformance by a player, such as information about one or more keysand/or pedals of the piano during the performance. In some embodiments,the smart piano system can include multiple sensors that can detectmotion of the keys. Each of the sensors may generate a signalrepresentative of motion of a key of the piano during the performance.The signal may be processed and/or analyzed to determine positionalinformation about the key. For example, various positions of the keyduring the performance can be determined based on the signal (e.g., bycomparing sampled values of the signal with multiple reference valuescorresponding to the positions). As another example, timestampscorresponding to the positions during the performance may be determined.In some embodiments, the smart piano system may also determine astrength applied to the key, a note duration produced by pressing thekey, etc. based on the signal.

The smart piano system can also provide sound compensation based oninformation about the performance (e.g., the information about themotion of the keys and/or pedals), information about the piano (e.g., atype of the piano such as an upright piano, a grand piano, etc.),information about an acoustic environment in which the performance isrendered, and/or any other information. For example, the compensationmay be performed based on a strength applied to a key of the piano, anote duration produced by pressing the key, positional information aboutthe key, and/or any other information about the performance. As anotherexample, the compensation may be performed based on the type of thepiano (e.g., an upright piano) to compensate acoustic sounds produced bythe piano.

The smart piano system can include a display device that can presentcontent related to the performance, music played in the performance,another performance of the music, and/or any other information. Thecontent may be and/or include audio content, video content, images,text, graphics, etc. In some embodiments, the size of a screen of thedisplay device may be adapted to the size of a keyboard of the piano. Avirtual keyboard may be displayed on the screen. The virtual keyboardcan include multiple virtual keys corresponding to actual keys of thepiano. In some embodiments, the number of the virtual keys and thenumber of the actual keys may be the same. Information about one or moreoperations to be performed on an actual piano key may be displayed in aportion of the screen including its corresponding virtual key. Suchinformation may include, for example, timing information related todepression and/or release of the actual piano key, a strength to beapplied to the actual piano key, a note duration, a note value, etc. Insome embodiments, various types of information may be presented on thescreen during the performance.

As such, the smart piano system can provide a user (e.g., a player, apiano student, etc.) with visualized and personalized piano learningexperience.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example 100 of a smart pianosystem according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shownin FIG. 1, the smart piano system 100 may include a piano 110 and aprocessing device 105. The processing device 105 may further include asignal acquisition engine 120, a storage device 130, an external inputengine 140, a sound engine 150, a controller 160, a display engine 170,an autoplay engine 180, and/or any other component for providing a smartpiano system. More or less components may be included in system 100and/or processing device 105 without loss of generality. For example,two of the modules may be combined into a single module, or one of themodules may be divided into two or more modules. In one implementation,one or more of the modules may reside on different computing devices(e.g., desktops, laptops, mobile phones, tablet computers, wearablecomputing devices, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more portions ofthe processing device 105 and/or the processing device 105 may beintegrated with the piano 110.

The piano 110 may be an acoustic piano, an electric piano, an electronicpiano, a digital piano, and/or any other musical instrument with akeyboard. A non-exclusive list of an acoustic piano that may be used inconnection with some embodiments of the present disclosure may include agrand piano, an upright piano, a square piano, a specialized piano (suchas a toy piano, a minipiano, a prepared piano, etc.), etc.

The signal acquisition engine 120 may obtain information about aperformance by a player (also referred to herein as “first performanceinformation”). The first performance information may include but is notlimited to information about one or more keys of piano 110 that arepressed during the performance, timing information about the keys (e.g.,a time instant corresponding to a position of a key), one or moreoperation sequences of the keys, timing information about when a userapplies one or more pedals of piano 110, and musical notes producedaccording to motions of the keys/pedals. The first performanceinformation may be acquired via one or more sensors (e.g., one or moresensors described in connection with FIGS. 4A-6 below). The firstperformance information may be generated based on key signals and/orpedal signals acquired by the sensors. In some embodiments, each of thekey signals and pedal signals may be an electric signal represented bycurrent values, voltage values, and/or any other parameter. When aplayer fingers on the keyboard of the piano and/or operates the pedals,the first performance information may be recorded. The first performanceinformation may be stored in the storage device 130 and/or any otherstorage device. The first performance information may also be obtainedwithout the player fingering on the keyboard. In some embodiments, thesmart piano system may be equipped with actuators of keys and/or pedalsto operate the keys and/or pedals. The actuators of keys and/or pedalsmay strike the keys and/or operate the pedals according to instructionsprovided by the external input engine 140.

The storage device 130 may be and/or include any device that is capableof storing data, such as data provided by the signal acquisition engine120, the external input engine 140, the controller 160, the sound engine150, the display engine 170, and/or any other device. Exemplary types ofdata that may be stored in the storage device 130 may include keysignals and pedal signals acquired by the signal acquisition engine 120,performance data generated by the signal acquisition engine 120, musicaldata from the external input engine 140, and/or any other type of datathat may be used to implement a smart piano system in accordance withvarious embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage device 130may include one or more components. In some embodiment, the storagedevice 130 can be and/or include a hard disk drive, a solid-state drive,a removable storage drive (e.g., a flash memory disk drive, an opticaldisk drive, etc.), a digital video recorder, the like, or a combinationthereof.

The external input engine 140 may be configured to connect the smartpiano system to external data sources. In some embodiments, the externaldata source may be received via a computer network (e.g., the Internet,an intranet, etc.). For instance, musical data related to a piece ofmusic may be obtained via the Internet and processed by the smart pianosystem. In some embodiments, the external data sources may be electronicdevices. Exemplary electronic devices include a mobile device (e.g., asmart phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computing device, a wearablecomputing device, or the like), a personal computer, the like, or acombination thereof. In some embodiments, the external input engine 140may be configured to receive one or more user inputs. In someembodiments, the external input engine 140 may include one or more inputdevices, user interfaces (not shown in the figure), and/or any otherdevice that is capable of receiving, processing, transmitting, etc. userinputs. A user interface may include one or more screens for indicatingfunctions the player may choose to perform. Exemplary input devices maybe a computer keyboard, a piano keyboard, a touch sensitive screen, amouse, a remote controller, the like, or any combination thereof. Aninput device may include alphanumeric and other keys that may beinputted via a keyboard, a touch screen (for example, with haptics ortactile feedback), a voice-command input, an eye tracking input, a brainmonitoring system, or any other comparable input mechanism. The inputreceived via the input device may then be communicated to the controller160 and the storage device 130 via, for example, a data bus, forprocessing and storage. Other types of input devices include a cursorcontrol device, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keysto communicate direction information and command selections to, forexample, the controller and to control cursor movement on a displaydevice. In some embodiments, as will be described in more detail inconnection with FIG. 21H, the input device may be and/or include one ormore pedals that can receive input generated by a user's foot or feet.One or more functions of the smart piano system may be performed basedon user input received via one or more of the pedals.

The sound engine 150 may include any device that is capable ofgenerating audio content representative of acoustic sounds or electricsounds, such as one or more synthesizers, sequencers, audio codecs,signal processors, speakers, etc. The sound engine 150 may be configuredto generate electric sounds and/or acoustic sounds. The acoustic soundsmay be generated by acoustic parts of the acoustic piano 110, such askeys, pedals, hammers, strings, and/or any other portion of the acousticpiano 110 that can generate an acoustic sound. In some embodiments, thesound engine 150 may cause one or more actuators (now shown in FIG. 1)to generate acoustic sounds. The actuators may operate the keys/pedalsunder instructions provided by the controller 160 and/or the soundengine 150.

In some embodiments, the sound engine 150 can generate audio contentusing one or more synthesizers, sequencers, audio codecs, digitalprocessors, and/or any other device that can generate audio contentrepresentative of electric sounds. The audio content can be played backusing one or more speakers or any other device to produce electricsounds. The sound engine 150 can make various changes to the electricsounds. For instance, the electric sounds may be replaced or changedbased on the player's instructions obtained by the smart piano system.

The electric sounds may be played simultaneously with the acousticsounds or be played without the acoustic sounds. The electric sounds maybe also discontinuously played when the acoustic sounds are beingplayed. For instance, in one performance, the electric sounds may betriggered when a player starts to produce one or more selected musicalnotes. The electric sounds may be removed once the one or more selectedmusical notes have been played.

In some embodiments, the sound engine 150 can produce sounds based onmusical data provided by the external input engine 140, the storagedevice 130, and/or any other device. Merely by way of example, the smartpiano system may fetch musical data from a personal computer or a smartphone of the player. Then, the musical data may be converted into a formthat is recognizable by the sound engine 150 and the display engine 170.And the sound engine 150 and the display engine 170 may present themusical data accordingly.

The controller 160 may be configured to generate instructions for thesmart piano system. For example, the controller 160 can generateinstructions to instruct one or more components of system 100 to performvarious functions, such as generating signals, receiving data,processing data, storing data, transmitting data, presenting content(e.g., displaying video content and/or images, playing audio content,etc.). As will be discussed in more detail below, the instructions mayinclude one or more instructions for implementing one or more modesexecuted by system 100, such as a teaching mode, an error detectionmode, a sound compensation mode, a playback mode, etc. The controller160 may process data provided by the signal acquisition engine 120, thestorage device 130, the external input engine 140 or any other componentof the smart piano system.

The controller 160 may comprise processor-based and/ormicroprocessor-based units. Merely by way of example, the processor mayinclude a microcontroller, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC),application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), anapplication-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP), a centralprocessing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a physicsprocessing unit (PPU), a microcontroller unit, a digital signalprocessor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an acornreduced instruction set computing (RISC) machine (ARM), any othercircuit and/or processor capable of executing the functions describedherein, the like, or any combination thereof.

The display engine 170 may be configured to receive, generate, process,transmit, and/or display content related to performance information,musical data, and/or any other information. The content may includeaudio content, video content, images, graphic content, text, etc. Theperformance information can include any information about a performanceof piano 110 by a player, a sample performance, and/or any otherperformance. The musical data may include any information about a pieceof music (e.g., a piano piece), such as a musical sheet, a musicalscore, annotations, musical notes, note duration, note values, a titleof the music, operation sequences of keys and/or pedals, a strength tobe applied to one or more keys and/or pedals, endurance of and/or anyother information about the music. The display engine 170 may alsopresent instructions obtained from the controller 160. The instructionsmay include instructions for defining displaying sequence of the musicaldata, and the instructions for defining context of the musical data tobe displayed.

The display engine 170 may include one or more display devices that canpresent musical data and/or any other content. Alternatively oradditionally, the display engine 170 may be communicatively coupled toone or more display devices. The display engine 170 may provide thecontent and/or any other data to the display devices for presentation.Exemplary display devices include but are not limited to a liquidcrystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED)-based display, aflat panel display or curved screen, a television device, a cathode raytube (CRT), the like, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, oneor more of the display devices can be three-dimensional capable. One ormore of the display devices can include a touchscreen. In someembodiments, different display devices (e.g., displays of various types,shapes, sizes, etc.) may be selected and used for different types ofpianos. For example, the size of the display device may be adapted tothe size of the piano 110. More particularly, for example, a largerdisplay may be used for a relatively larger piano (e.g., a grand piano)while a smaller display may be used for a relatively smaller piano(e.g., an upright piano, a baby grand piano, etc.). In some embodiments,the size of a screen of the display device may be determined based onthe size of a keyboard of the piano 100. A virtual keyboard may bedisplayed on the screen. The virtual keyboard can include multiplevirtual keys corresponding to actual keys of piano 110. In someembodiments, the number of the virtual keys and the number of the actualkeys may be the same. Information about one or more operations to beperformed on an actual piano key may be displayed in a portion of thescreen including its corresponding virtual key. Such information mayinclude, for example, timing information related to depressions and/orrelease of the actual piano key, a strength to be applied to the actualpiano key, a note duration, a note value, etc. Various types ofinformation can be displayed in various portions of the screen. In someembodiments, the virtual keyboard and other content can be presentedusing one or more user interfaces as described in connection with FIGS.21A-21G.

The autoplay engine 180 may be configured to automatically presentmusical data. The musical data may be obtained from the storage device130, the external input engine 140, and/or any other device. Merely byway of example, the musical data may be generated according to aperformance of the player, and stored in the storage device 130.Exemplary musical data may include musical manuscript, one or moremusical notes, timing of fingering one or more keys, timing of operatingone or more pedals, sequences of fingering one or more keys, andsequences of operating one or more pedals, etc. The autoplay engine 180may generate sounds and/or images based on the musical data. Merely byway of example, after musical notes are played by the player and storedas musical data in the storage device 130 by the smart piano system, theautoplay engine 180 may automatically acquire the musical data. Themusical notes may then be generated with or without modifications. Theautoplay engine 180 may also provide the sound engine 150 with themusical data and instructions for generating sounds. Then the soundengine 150 may generate sounds accordingly. The autoplay engine 180 mayalso provide the musical data and instructions for generating images tothe display engine 170. Then the display engine 170 may present imagesaccordingly.

In some embodiments, each of signal acquisition engine 120, storagedevice 130, external input engine 140, sound engine 150, controller 160,display engine 170, and the autoplay engine 180 may include and/or beany of a general purpose device such as a computer or a special purposedevice such as a client, a server, and/or any other suitable device. Anyof these general or special purpose devices may include any suitablecomponents such as a hardware processor (which may be a microprocessor,digital signal processor, a controller, and/or any other suitablehardware processor), memory, communication interfaces, displaycontrollers, input devices, and/or any other suitable components. Forexample, each of signal acquisition engine 120, storage device 130,external input engine 140, sound engine 150, controller 160, and displayengine 170 may be implemented as or include a personal computer, atablet computer, a wearable computer, a multimedia terminal, a mobiletelephone, a gaming device, a set-top box, a television, and/or anyother suitable device. Moreover, each of signal acquisition engine 120,storage device 130, external input engine 140, sound engine 150,controller 160, display engine 170, autoplay engine 180 may comprise astorage device, which may include a hard drive, a solid state storagedevice, a removable storage device, and/or any other suitable storagedevice. Each of signal acquisition engine 120, storage device 130,external input engine 140, sound engine 150, controller 160, displayengine 170, and autoplay engine 180 may be located at any suitablelocation. Each of signal acquisition engine 120, storage device 130,external input engine 140, sound engine 150, controller 160, displayengine 170, and autoplay engine 180 may be implemented as a stand-alonedevice or integrated with one or more other components of system 100.

The components of the smart piano system that may be used in connectionwith the present system described above are not exhaustive and are notlimiting. Numerous other changes, substitutions, variations,alterations, and modifications may be ascertained to one skilled in theart and it is intended that the present disclosure encompass all suchchanges, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications asfalling within the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2A is a flowchart illustrating a process for providing a pianosystem according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

As illustrated in FIG. 2A, in step 201 the smart piano system mayacquire one or more key signals and/or pedal signals related to a firstperformance of a piece of music. The first performance may be aperformance of the music by a first user (e.g., a piano student). Eachof the key signals may include information about motion of a key. Eachof the pedal signals may include information about motion of a pedal ofthe piano during the performance. The information about motion of a keymay include but is not limited to, one or more positions of the keyduring the first performance, timing information about the motion of thekey (e.g., a time instant corresponding to depression of the key, a timeinstant corresponding to release of the key, a time instantcorresponding to a position of the key, etc.), a depression strength,velocities of the key during its motion, and/or numbers of key groups ornumbers of each individual key if the key and/or key groups are numberedby the smart piano system. The information regarding the pedal motionsmay include, but is not limited to, the time player operating on thepedals, and numbers of each individual pedal or numbers of pedal groupsif the pedal or pedal groups are numbered by the smart piano system. Thekey signals and pedal signals of keys/pedals may be obtained by thesignal acquisition engine 120 as described in connection with FIGS.3-12.

In step 202, the smart piano system may acquire musical data related toa second performance of the piece of music. The second performance maybe a performance of the piece of music by a second user (e.g., ateacher, a pianist, etc.). In some embodiments, the second performancemay represent a sample performance of the piece of music. The musicaldata may be acquired from the external input engine 140, the storagedevice 130, and/or any other device. Exemplary musical data may includemusical manuscript, one or more musical notes, timing of fingering oneor more keys, timing of operating one or more pedals, sequences offingering one or more keys, and sequences of operating one or morepedals, etc. In some embodiments, the key signals, pedal signals, andthe musical data may be acquired sequentially, simultaneously,substantially simultaneously, or in any other manner.

In step 203, the smart piano system can generate first performanceinformation based on one or more of the key signals and/or pedalsignals. The first performance information may be generated by severalactions, including but not limited to adding indicators of the keysand/or the pedals, producing musical notes, and generating musicalmanuscripts. In some embodiments, the first performance information maybe generated by performing one or more operations described inconnection with FIGS. 16 and 18.

In step 204, the smart piano system can generate second performanceinformation based on the musical data. The second performanceinformation may include but is not limited to operating sequence of thekeys and/or pedals, indicators of the keys and/or pedals, and musicalnotes based on the musical data. The key signals, pedal signals and themusical data may be used to reproduce a performance. In someembodiments, the second performance information may be generated byperforming one or more operations described in connection with FIGS.14-15.

In step 205, one or more instructions may be generated based on thefirst information and/or the second performance information. Theinstructions may include one or more instructions for implementing oneor more modes, such as a teaching mode, a playback mode, a soundcompensation mode, an error detection mode, etc.

In some embodiments, the instructions for general display may includepresenting operation sequence of the keys and/or pedals, indicators(e.g., symbols to indicate operation sequences of the keys and/orpedals) of the keys and/or pedals, and musical notes in the firstperformance information and/or the second performance information. Theinstructions for general sound may include extracting the musical notesin the first performance information and/or the second performanceinformation, and generating sounds based on the musical notes.

In some embodiments, the instructions for sound compensation may includeextracting musical notes in the first performance information and/or thesecond performance information. The instructions for sound compensationmay also include adding sounds when certain musical notes are played.For instance, when a G major is played, electric sounds may be producedalong with the acoustic sounds. The instructions for sound compensationmay further include acquiring information of surrounding environment,and setting compensation parameters. Merely by way of example, theinformation of surrounding environment may include room size, roomstructure, and noise, etc. The compensation parameters may be loudness,frequencies, and timbres of sounds, etc.

In some embodiments, the instructions for teaching may includeextracting the operating sequence of the keys and/or pedals, theindicators of the keys and/or pedals, and the musical notes in thesecond performance information. The second performance information maybe generated based on a sample performance. The sample performance maybe a performance of the piece of music by a teacher, pianist, anotherplayer, etc. The instructions for teaching may further includepresenting the indicators of the keys and/or pedals, the musical notesin a form of videos or images, and presenting the musical notes in aform of sounds.

In some embodiments, the instructions for error detection may includeacquiring the key signals and/or pedals signals in a performance of theplayer, and generating the first performance information. Theinstructions for error detection may also include one or moreinstructions for comparing the first performance information with thesecond performance information, and detecting errors in the firstperformance information. The second performance information may begenerated based on a standard performance, and/or performances of theplayer in history. The standard performance may be from a teacher, or anexpert, etc. The instructions for error detection may further includegenerating suggestions for the player after comparing the firstperformance information with the second performance information. Merelyby way of example, the suggestions may be acquired from an expertguidance database after detecting the errors in the first performanceinformation. The suggestions and errors may be presented in a form ofvideos, images, and/or sounds. For instance, the suggestions may beprovided by one or more speakers.

In some embodiments, the instructions for playback may includegenerating the first performance information in a performance of theplayer based on key signals and/or pedal signals. The instructions forplayback may also include converting the first performance informationinto the musical data and the second performance information. Theinstructions for playback may further include presenting the indicatorsof the keys and/or pedals, the musical notes in a form of videos orimages based on the second performance information. The musical notesmay be also presented in a form of sounds.

The instructions may be generated by the controller 160. Theinstructions may be then sent to the display engine 170 and/or the soundengine 150.

In step 206, the smart piano system may display content based on theinstructions. The content may relate to the first performanceinformation, the second performance information, the musical data,and/or any other information. In some embodiments, the content can bedisplayed by performing one or more operations described in connectionwith FIGS. 18-21G.

In step 207, the smart piano system can generate sounds based on theinstructions. For example, acoustic sounds and/or electric sounds can begenerated as described in connection with FIGS. 22-26.

FIG. 2B is a flowchart illustrating a process for providing a pianosystem according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

As illustrated in FIG. 2B, in step 208, the smart piano system maydetermine if an input that initiates the process has been received. Theinput may correspond to a user request to initiate the process, one ormore key signals or pedal signals, musical data, and/or any other input.In some embodiments, the input may be a user request to turn on thesmart piano system.

In some embodiments, in response to receiving the input, the smart pianosystem may generate a command to initiate the process and may proceed tostep 209. The input command may be generated by the controller 160.

In step 209, the smart piano system may acquire the second performanceinformation and the process may then go to step 213. The secondperformance information may be generated based on musical data inputtedby the external input engine 140 or the storage device 130. The secondperformance information may include but not limited to operatingsequence of the keys and/or pedals, indicators of the keys and/orpedals, and musical notes produced according to the musical data.

If no input has been received, the smart piano system may proceed tostep 210. In step 210, the smart piano system may determine whether thesmart piano system is to be calibrated. This determination can be madebased on any suitable criterion and/or criteria. For example, the smartpiano system may determine that a calibration is to be performed inresponse to determining that the time interval between the date of thelast calibration and the present date reaches a threshold value. Thethreshold value may be determined based on the life time of key sensors,pedal sensors, data receivers, and any other part of the signalacquisition engine (shown in FIG. 3). As another example, the smartpiano system may determine that a calibration is to be performed inresponse to determining that it is the first time the player uses thesmart piano system.

If the calibration is to be performed, the step may go to step 211 andthe calibration may be performed. For example, the calibration may beperformed by performing one or more operations described in connectionwith FIG. 9 below.

Alternatively, in response to determining that the calibration is not tobe performed, the smart piano system may proceed to step 212 and mayacquire the first performance information. The first performanceinformation may be acquired by the signal acquisition engine 120. Thefirst performance information may be acquired based on motions of thekeys and the pedals.

The first and the second performance information may be furtherprocessed in step 213. In step 213, the smart piano system may selectone or more modes from multiple modes of the smart piano system.Exemplary modes include a general display mode, a general sound mode, asound compensation mode, a teaching mode, an error detection mode, aplayback mode, etc. The selection of modes may be based on the input ofthe player, or content of the first performance information and/or thesecond performance information. Merely by way of example, the teachingmode may be selected if the player decides to perform the teaching mode.The teaching mode may be also selected if the second performanceinformation represent a standard performance.

In step 214, the smart piano system may perform data processing andgenerate instructions in step 214. Exemplary data processing may includeextracting the operation sequences of the keys and/or the pedals,generating the indicators (e.g., symbols for indicating operationsequences of the keys and/or the pedals) of the keys and/or pedals, andcalculating the musical notes in the first and/or second performanceinformation. The instructions may be generated according to each mode tobe performed, and the first performance information and/or the secondperformance information. Generation of instructions is as described inFIG. 2A. Details are omitted for simplicity.

After the data processing, the first performance information, the secondperformance information, and/or the instructions may be provided by thesmart piano system in step 215. The first performance information and/orthe second performance information, and the instructions for a mode maybe provided to the sound engine 150, the display engine 170, and otherpart of the smart piano system. Merely by way of example, the displayengine 170 may then display videos, images, or any other content topresent the first performance information and/or the second performanceinformation. The sound engine 150 may then generate acoustic soundsand/or the electric sounds based on the musical notes in the firstperformance information and/or the second performance information, andthe instructions.

The first and/or the second performance information, and instructionsfor one mode may be used in other modes. Merely by way of example, theerror detection mode may detect errors in the first performanceinformation. The errors and the first performance information may berecorded and used in the playback mode. The playback mode may displaythe errors, and generate sounds based on the first performanceinformation.

It should be noted that the processes described above is provided forthe purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. Apparently for persons having ordinary skills in theart, numerous variations and modifications may be conducted under theteaching of the present disclosure. However, those variations andmodifications may not depart the protecting scope of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a signal acquisition engine accordingto some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3,signal acquisition engine 120 may include one or more sensors 301, datareceivers 304, and/or any other component for acquiring, processing,transmitting, storing, etc. signals for a smart piano system. More orless components may be included in signal acquisition engine 120 withoutloss of generality. For example, two of the modules may be combined intoa single module, or one of the modules may be divided into two or moremodules. In one implementation, one or more of the modules may reside ondifferent computing devices (e.g., desktops, laptops, mobile phones,tablet computers, wearable computing devices, etc.). In someembodiments, the signal acquisition engine of FIG. 3 may be and/orinclude signal acquisition engine 120 as described above in connectionwith FIG. 1.

Each of the sensors 301 may be configured to detect motions of one ormore keys, pedals, and/or any other component of a piano (e.g., thepiano 110 of FIG. 1) during a performance of a player. Each of thesensors 301 may be and/or include any sensor that is capable ofdetecting information about motions of a component of a piano (e.g., oneor more keys, pedals, etc.). For example, each of the sensors 301 can beand/or include an opto-electric sensor, a magneto-electric sensor, apiezo-electric, an angle sensor, a Hall sensor, a grating sensor, apotentiomer, an encoder, a TACT switch, a limit switch, the like, or anycombination thereof. In some embodiments, the sensors 301 may includeone or more key sensors 302, pedal sensors 303, etc. Each of the keysensors 302 can detect information about motion of one or more pianokeys and can generate one or more signals including such information(also referred to herein as the “key signals”). Information about motionof a key may include but is not limited to, one or more positions of thekey, timing information about the motion of the key (e.g., a timeinstant corresponding to depression of the key, a time instantcorresponding to release of the key, a time instant corresponding to aposition of the key, etc.), a depression strength, velocities of the keyduring its motion, and/or numbers of key groups or numbers of eachindividual key if the key groups or the keys are numbered by the smartpiano system. Each of the key group may include one or more keys. Eachof the pedal sensors 303 can detect information about movements of oneor more pedals of a piano and can generate one or more signals includingsuch information (also referred to herein as the “pedal signals”).Information about motion of a pedal may include, but are not limited to,one or more positions of the pedal, timing information about the motionof the pedal (e.g., a time instant corresponding to operation of thepedal, a time instant corresponding to a position of the key, etc.),velocities of the pedal during its motion, and/or numbers of eachindividual pedal or numbers of pedal groups if the pedals or the pedalgroups are numbered by the smart piano system. Each of the pedal groupmay include one or more pedals. In some embodiments, a key signal and/ora pedal signal can be an electric signal, such as a current signal, avoltage signal, etc. After acquiring one or more key signals and/orpedal signals via the sensors 301, signal acquisition engine 120 cantransmit one or more of key signals and/or pedal signals to thecontroller 160, the storage device 130, and/or any other device.

In some embodiments, the data receivers 304 may determine whether valuesof a signal (e.g., a key signal, a pedal signal, etc.) generated by asensor 301 reach a threshold. If a value of the signal reaches thethreshold (e.g., being equal to or greater than the threshold), the datareceivers 304 may record the value of the signal. The value of thesignal may correspond to one or more positions of the key, timinginformation about the motion of the key (e.g., a time instantcorresponding to depression of the key, a time instant corresponding torelease of the key, a time instant corresponding to a position of thekey, etc.), a depression strength, velocities of the key during itsmotion, and/or numbers of key groups or numbers of each individual keyif the key groups or the keys are numbered by the smart piano system.The data receivers 304 may also transmit the signal and/or the value ofthe signal to the controller 160 or any other device. In someembodiments, multiple key signals and/or pedal signals may betransmitted sequentially, simultaneously, substantially simultaneously,or in any other manner.

The signal acquisition engine described herein is not exhaustive and notlimiting. Numerous other changes, substitutions, variations,alterations, and modifications may be ascertained to one skilled in theart and it is intended that the present disclosure encompass all suchchanges, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications asfalling within the scope of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 4A though 4C illustrate different types of coupling betweensensors and data receivers according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. FIG. 4A shows that one sensor 301 may be coupled to one datareceiver 304. As shown in FIG. 4A, each data receiver 304 mayindividually connect to or communicate with one sensor 301 and receivekey/pedal information from it. The one-to-one coupling of the sensor 301and the data receiver 304 may decrease the crosstalk between eachsensor-data receiver pair. FIG. 4B illustrates that a plurality ofsensors 301 may be coupled to one data receiver 304. As shown in FIG.4B, a plurality of sensors 301 may be coupled with one data receiver304. The data receiver 304 may scan total or partial of all sensors anddetermine whether the signals obtained by the scanned sensors may berecorded and transmitted. FIG. 4C illustrates that one sensor 301 may becoupled to multiple data receivers 304. As shown in FIG. 4C, the signalsacquired by one sensor 301 may be optionally received by a plurality ofdata receivers 304. Though not shown in FIG. 4C, the signals acquired byother sensors may be also received by these data receivers. Therefore,the sensors may be optionally transfer the acquired signals to any datareceiver. Thus, deterioration of the function of one or more datareceiver may not compromise the signal acquisition process.

The sensors and data receivers described above are not exhaustive andare not limiting. Numerous other changes, substitutions, variations,alterations, and modifications may be ascertained to one skilled in theart and it is intended that the present disclosure encompass all suchchanges, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications asfalling within the scope of the present disclosure.

Turning to FIGS. 5A and 5B, mechanisms for detecting motions of a key ofa piano using a sensor in accordance with some embodiments of thedisclosure is illustrated. As shown, a sensor 301 (e.g., anopto-electric sensor) may include a light-emitting element 502 and alight-detecting element 503. An exemplary list of the light-emittingelement 502 may include visible LED, laser LED, infrared LED, laserdiode (LD), photocell, etc. An exemplary list of the light-detectingelement 503 may include phototube, active-pixel sensor (APS), bolometer,charge-coupled device (CCD), gaseous ionization detector, photoresistor,phototransistor, etc. The light-emitting element 502 may generate lightof various wavelengths. For example, the light-emitting element 502 maygenerate visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet (UV) light, etc. Insome embodiments, the wavelength of a beam of light emitted by thelight-emitting element 502 may be controlled by one or more motors usinga Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) mechanism. The light-detecting element503 may be configured to receive the light and to convert it into anelectronic signal (e.g., a current signal, a voltage signal, etc.).

Referring to FIG. 5A, in some embodiments, the light-emitting element502 and the light-detecting element 503 may be positioned under the key501. In some embodiments, the key 501 may be coupled to anon-transparent plate 504. The non-transparent plate 504 may partiallyor completely prevent the light-detecting element 503 from receiving thelight emitted by the light-emitting element 502. The non-transparentplate 504 may be coupled to a surface of the key 501 (e.g., the bottomof the key 501). The light-emitting element 502 may constantly emitlight towards the light-detecting element 503. The light-emittingelement 502 may also discontinuously emit light towards thelight-detecting element 503. For instance, there may be one or more timeintervals between light emissions. The one or more time intervals may bebased on velocity of the player depressing the keys.

In some embodiments, a light beam 505 may be emitted by thelight-emitting element 502. When the key 501 is not pressed down, thekey stays at a “top” position. When a player presses the key 501, thekey may move downwards from the “top” position. When the key 501 doesnot go further, it reaches an “end” position. The non-transparent plate504 may move along with the key 501 and may block one or more portionsof the light beam 505. The amount of the light detected by thelight-detecting element 503 may vary due to the movement of thenon-transparent plate 504. For example, when the key 501 moves towardthe “end” position, the amount of light detected by the light-detectingelement 503 may decrease. As another example, when the key 501 movestoward the “top” position, the amount of light detected by thelight-detecting element 503 may increase. The light-detecting element503 can determine information about the amount of the received lightover time and can convert such information into one or more electronicsignals (e.g., one or more key signals).

Turning to FIG. 5B, in some embodiments, the non-transparent plate 504may be omitted from the smart piano system. For instance, thelight-emitting element 502 and the light-detecting element 503 may beplaced above or beneath the key 501, and the light beam 511 emitted bythe light-emitting element 502 may not be able to travel linearlytowards the light-detecting element 503. A light beam 511 emitted by thelight-emitting element 502 may be projected towards the key 501. Thelight beam 511 may be reflected by the key 501 once it reaches a surfaceof the key 501 (e.g., the upper surface, the bottom surface, etc.). Thereflected light 513 may then travel towards the light-detecting element503 and may be received by the light-detecting element 503. When aplayer presses the key 501, the key may move downwards from the “top”position to the “end” position. The distance that the light travels fromthe light-emitting element 502 to the light-detecting element 503 mayvary due to various motions of the key. The light-detecting element 503may determine the time between light emission and light reception torecord the change in distance that the light travels. The change indistance may be converted into one or more electric signals by thelight-detecting element 503. Thus, the motions of the key may berecorded by the sensor 301.

The light-emitting elements and the light-detecting elements describedabove are not exhaustive and are not limiting. Numerous other changes,substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications may beascertained to one skilled in the art and it is intended that thepresent disclosure encompass all such changes, substitutions,variations, alterations, and modifications as falling within the scopeof the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates configuration of sensor-data receiver pairs accordingto some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, afirst sensor-data receiver pair 602 and a second sensor-data receiverpair 603 may be positioned differently. The first sensor-data receiverpair 602 may be positioned closer to the keyboard than the secondsensor-data receiver pair 603. Thus, signals obtained by two sensor-datareceiver pairs may have different baseline values. In some embodiments,the different baseline values may be set between the white keys and theblack keys. Thus, the smart piano system may distinguish the white andthe black keys. In some embodiments, the different baseline values maybe used to distinguish several groups of keys. Merely by way of example,the baseline value of a combination of keys may be different if thecombination of keys is designed to perform certain system functions.

In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the sensor-data receiverpairs 602 and 603 may be installed on a test lever 604. The test lever604 may also be equipped with a LED array 601. The LED array 601 may beused to indicate the key to be depressed. A player may then depress thecorresponding key. In some embodiments, the LED may be double-colored.The double-colored LED array 601 may be served as key indicators. Thedouble-colored LED array 601 may be configured to distinguish black keysand white keys.

FIG. 7A illustrates configuration of a test lever and an interfaceaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 7A, the test lever 604 may be coupled to an interface 701. The testlever 604 as described previously may comprise a LED array andsensor-data receiver pairs. One end of the test lever 604 may beattached to the interface 701. The interface 701 may be capable ofperforming multiple tasks. In some embodiments, the interface 701 mayacquire settings from the player. In some embodiments, the interface 701may acquire musical data via the external input engine 140 or thestorage device 130. In some embodiments, the interface 701 may displayinstructions generated by the controller 160.

FIGS. 7B and 7C illustrate examples of configuration of an adaptoraccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The adaptor 710may be used to connect one or more substrates to a piano (as describedin connection with FIG. 1). The one or more substrates may include thesignal acquisition engine 120, the storage device 130, the externalinput engine 140, the controller 160, the sound engine 150, the displayengine 170, and/or any other part of the smart piano system (e.g., oneor more components as described in connection with FIG. 1).

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, the adaptor 710 may beused to connect the smart piano system (not shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C)with a keyboard. The signal acquisition engine 120 and/or any other partof the smart piano system may be installed on the adaptor. The adaptor710 may include one or more levers 702 and one or more connector units703. The lever(s) 702 may be coupled to the signal acquisition engine120 and/or any other part of the smart piano system. The lever(s) 702may be made of conductive materials (e.g., aluminum, copper, or alloy,etc.) and/or nonconductive materials (e.g., plastics). The connectorunit(s) 703 may be used to connect the adaptor to the keyboard. The oneor more connector unit(s) 703 may also be coupled to one or more levers702. The connector unit(s) 703 may be installed on the keyboard and canmove in any direction. For example, the connector unit(s) 703 may movein a direction perpendicular to one or more keys of the keyboard for apredefined arrange of distance (e.g., a distance equal to length of oneblack key, a distance equal to one third of length of the keyboard,etc.). The connector unit 703 may further include one or more connectors704, one or more supporting plates 705, and/or any other component forimplementing the connector unit 703. The supporting plates 705 may beconnected to the signal acquisition engine 120. The supporting plates705 may also be coupled to the controller 160, the display engine 170,and/or any other part of the smart piano system.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7B, the length of the adaptor 710may be adjusted by one or more connectors 704. The length of the adaptormay be adjusted according to various characteristics of the keyboard(e.g., the size of the keyboard, the type of the keyboard, etc.) and/orthe substrates. For example, piano keyboards with various sizes (e.g.,keys of different widths) may have the same number of keys (e.g., 88keys). The length of the adaptor 710 may be adjusted based on suchvariations in sizes of the keyboards (e.g., by adjusting one or moreconnector units). In a more particular example, the sizes of differentkeyboards may fall within a range (e.g., a range between 0 to 8millimeters). In such example, the length of the adaptor 710 may beadjusted within the range by adjusting one or more connector units 703.In a more particular example, multiple connector units 703 (e.g., fourconnector units 703) may be used and each of the connector units 703 mayextend to a contain length (e.g., about 2 millimeters or any otherlength) to enable the adaptor to be adjusted within the range. In someembodiments, the length of the connector units 703 may be adjusted bychanging length of gap between two supporting plates 705. In suchembodiments, the connectors 704 may include one or more printed circuitboard connectors (PCB) to adjust the length of the gap between twosupporting plates 705. The two supporting plates 705 may include one ormore supporting structures for connecting one or more keys to theadaptor 710. The supporting structures may include wedge-shapestructures, convex-concave structures, and/or any other suitablestructures for connecting one or more keys to the adaptor 710. In someembodiments, a convex-concave structure and a black key may form aconjunction surface to give mechanical forces to make the adaptor 710closer to a surface of the black key.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7C, the height of the adaptor 710may be adjusted by one or more fastener devices. As shown in FIG. 7C,two fastener devices 706 and 707 may be installed on opposite sides ofthe adaptor 710. The fastener devices may include one or more screws,one or more rotary knobs, and/or any other component for fastening thelever 702. The height of the lever 702 may be adjusted by pulling up ordown the lever 702 in a direction parallel to one or more supportinglevels 708.

It should be noted that the sensors, the data receivers, and the adaptordescribed above are provided for the purposes of illustration, and notintended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Apparently forpersons having ordinary skills in the art, numerous variations andmodifications may be conducted under the teaching of the presentdisclosure. However, those variations and modifications may not departthe protecting scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a key signal corresponding to a trajectory of a pianokey according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The keysignal may be generated based on one or more mechanisms described inconjunction with FIGS. 5A-5B above. As described above, the key may stayat a “top” position if no force is exerted on the key. When a playerpresses the key, the key may move downwards along with a finger of theplayer. When the key does not go further (e.g., when the player startsreleasing the key), the key may reach an “end” position. After the keyis released by the player, the key moves upwards to the “top” position.Thus, in the whole trajectory, the key moves downwards from the “top”position to the end position, and after the key reaches the endposition, the key moves upwards to the “top” position.

The key signals may be acquired during the whole trajectory. Variousvalues of the key signal may correspond to different positions of thekey in the trajectory. As shown in FIG. 8, during the movement of thekey from the “top” position to the “end” position, the values of the keysignal may increase. Similarly, during the movement of the key from the“end” position to the “top” position, the values of the key signal maydecrease.

One or more thresholds may be used to determine positional informationof the key. Any suitable number of thresholds may be set to determinepositional information of the key. For example, as will be discussed inmore detail in conjunction with FIGS. 8 and 11, multiple thresholds maybe set to determine whether the key is at various positions. In someembodiments, each of the thresholds may correspond to a position of thekey (e.g., the “top” position, the “end” position, a position locatedbetween the “top” position and the “end” position, etc.). As shown inFIG. 8, during the whole trajectory, the value of the key signalindicates the key may be located at two possible positions, which meansthe key may either be depressed towards the “end” position, or bereleased from the “end” position. In an embodiment illustrated in FIG.8, when the key reaches a position represented by a threshold, the keysignal may be acquired, and the value of key signal and the thresholdmay be the same. The key may keep moving. When the keys reaches a nextposition, the key signal S may be acquired. If the value of the keysignal S is greater than the threshold, it indicates the key has passedthe position represented by the threshold and is currently moving to the“end” position. If the value of the key signal S is smaller than thethreshold, it indicates the key has passed the position represented bythe threshold and is currently moving to the “top” position. Thus, theposition of the key may be determined.

In some embodiments, the smart piano system may set three thresholds. Asshown in FIG. 8, a first threshold S_(INIT) may be set based on a keysignal obtained near the “top” position to determine if the key isdepressed. A second threshold S_(END) may be set based on a value of thekey signal obtained near the end position to determine if the keyreaches the end position. A third threshold S_(TOP) may be set based onkey signal obtained at a time interval T after the key is released fromthe end position. The time interval T may be set empirically. In someembodiments, the time interval T may be set as two seconds. Thecalibration of the sensors may be performed to accurately acquiresignals of corresponding keys. In some embodiments, the calibration maybe achieved by adjusting PWM values when the light emitting elements ofthe sensors are controlled by motors driven by a PWM mechanism. In someembodiments, the values of “S_(INIT),” “S_(END),” and “S_(TOP)” may bedetermined by performing one or more operations described in conjunctionwith FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example 900 of a process forcalibrating one or more sensors of a smart piano system according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure. The calibration may beperformed when a player first uses the smart piano system. In someembodiments, the player may initiate the calibration by providing one ormore user inputs. For instance, if the player decides to perform thecalibration at any time he wants, the smart piano system may acquire oneor more user inputs and initiate the calibration. Alternatively oradditionally, the smart piano system may automatically initiate thecalibration at first use. The smart piano system may also perform thecalibration periodically based on conditions of the signal acquisitionengine (e.g., slow deterioration of the sensors, the data receiver,and/or any other part of the signal acquisition engine). The smart pianosystem may also perform the calibration based on frequency of usage in aperiod of time, number of errors in one or more performances, etc. Forexample, if the player uses the smart piano system for a thresholdnumber of times, the smart piano system may perform the calibration. Thesmart piano system may also detect the errors of the player in one ormore performances and determine if a threshold number of errors havebeen generated. If the threshold number of errors have been generated,the smart piano system may initiate the calibration.

Process 900 may be performed by processing logic that comprises hardware(e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic, microcode, etc.),software (e.g., instructions run on a processing device to performhardware simulation), or a combination thereof. In some implementations,process 900 may be performed by a processing device 105 as describedabove in connection with FIG. 1.

As shown, process 900 can start by receiving one or more calibrationinstructions in step 901. The calibration instruction(s) may begenerated based on one or more user inputs, instructions provided by acontroller (e.g., controller 160 of FIG. 1), and/or any otherinformation. In some embodiments, the calibration instruction(s) caninclude one or more instructions that indicate a user request toinitiate the calibration process. The calibration instruction(s) mayalso include one or more instructions that indicate the conditions ofthe signal acquisition engine, a frequency of usage, the number oferrors in one or more performances, etc.

In step 902, process 900 may determine whether a threshold number ofcalibrations have been performed. The threshold number of calibrationsmay be determined based on the number of the keys of the piano, thenumber of the sensors to be calibrated, the number of groups of sensorsto be calibrated, the sequential order in which the sensors and/or groupof sensors are calibrated, and/or any other information about the pianoand/or the calibration(s) to be performed. For example, the thresholdnumber of calibrations may be the same as the number of the keys wheneach of the sensors corresponds to a key and/or when each of the sensorsis calibrated individually. As another example, in some embodiments inwhich the sensors are divided into several groups, the threshold numberof calibrations may be the number of the groups. Multiple groups ofsensors may be calibrated sequentially, in parallel, and/or in any othermanner. In a particular example, when the piano is equipped with 88sensors and the 88 sensors are divided into four groups, the thresholdnumber of calibrations may be 4. In a more particular example, each of afirst group, a second group, and a third group of sensors may include 24key sensors and a fourth group of sensors may include 16 key sensors. Inan exemplary calibration process described in FIG. 9, the predeterminedthreshold number of calibrations may be 88 and each 88 sensor may becalibrated separately.

In some embodiments, process 900 may proceed to step 910 in response todetermining that the threshold number of calibrations have beenperformed.

Alternatively, in response to determining that the threshold ofcalibrations have not been performed, process 900 may proceed to step903. In step 903, process 900 may adjust one or more PWM valuescorresponding to a first sensor and/or a first group of sensors. Forexample, the PWM values may be adjusted till difference of the keysignals between white keys and black keys reaches certain values. As thewhite keys and black keys may produce musical notes that are a half-stepapart, the PWM values may be adjusted to distinguish the white keys andblack keys. After adjusting the PWM values, the white/black key may bedepressed towards the end position.

In step 904, process 900 may determine if the key reaches an “end”position. For example, process 900 may determine that the key hasreached the end position in response to detecting a certain value of thekey signal (e.g., a maximum value, a minimum value, or any other valuedetected during a period of time).

In some embodiments, process 900 may loop back to step 902 in responseto determining that the key has not reached the “end” position. If thekey has not reached the “end” position, a reference value S_(END) (asdescribed in connection with FIG. 8) may not be established. The key maybe depressed again before step 904 and be determined if the key hasreached the “end” position in step 904.

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the key has reachedthe “end” position, process 900 may proceed to step 905. In step 905,process 900 can determine a first threshold value based on a first valueof the key signal. The first value of the key signal may correspond to afirst time instant (e.g., when the key reaches the “end” position, atime instant prior to or after the detection of the “end” position,etc.). In some embodiments, the first value may represent a referencevalue that may be used to determine whether the key is at the “end”position (e.g., “S_(END)” as described in connection with FIG. 8).

In step 906, process 900 can determine whether the first value of thekey signal S₁ exceeds a predefined value. If the first value of the keysignal S₁ exceeds the predefined value (e.g., “S₀”), the process mayproceed to step 907. Alternatively, process 900 may loop back to step902 in response to determining that the first value of the key signaldoes not exceed the predefined value. The predefined value S₀ may bedefined empirically. In some embodiments, the predefined value may bedefined according to results of several tests performed on the piano 110before the calibration. The tests may be performed by depressing eachkey to the “end” position one or more times, and recording values of keysignals. The values of key signals may be used as reference to thepredefined value S₀. For instance, average of key signals in one or moretest may be defined as predefined value S₀.

In step 907, the PWM value of the sensor may be recorded as a standardPWM value of this sensor. Then the key may be released from the endposition.

In step 908, process 900 can acquire a second value of the key signalS2. The second value may be acquired at a second time instant. The firsttime instant and the second time instant may constitute a predeterminedtime interval, such as one second, a few seconds (e.g., two seconds),and/or any other suitable period of time.

In step 909, the number of calibrations having been performed may beincremented by a step. The step may have any value, such as “1,” “2,”etc. The current calibration may be regarded as having been completed instep 909. Process 900 may loop back to step 902 to perform a nextcalibration. For example, the smart piano system may skip thecalibration of one or more newly installed sensors. The smart pianosystem may calibrate some sensors more than once. For instance, thesmart piano system may detect deterioration conditions of some sensorsand calibrate the sensors suffering from functional deterioration morethan once.

Upon completing the threshold number of calibrations (e.g., “NO” atblock 902), process 900 may proceed to step 910. In step 910, process900 may define a second threshold based on the second value of the keysignal S2. The second threshold may be a reference value that can beused to determine whether the key is at the “top” position (e.g., avalue of “S_(TOP)” as described in connection with FIG. 8 above).

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process 1000 forprocessing key signals representative of motions of a piano keyaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Process 1000may be used to acquire information about motions of the piano key.

Process 1000 may be performed by processing logic that compriseshardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic,microcode, etc.), software (e.g., instructions run on a processingdevice to perform hardware simulation), or a combination thereof. Insome implementations, process 1000 may be performed by a processingdevice 105 as described above in connection with FIG. 1.

As shown, the process 1000 may start by acquiring a key signal in step1001. The key signal may be acquired by the signal acquisition engine120. Various values of the signal may be sampled over time randomly,periodically, etc. The values may be sampled at any suitable samplingrate.

In some embodiments, process 1000 may also start a timer to recordtiming information about the key signal. For example, the timer may beused to track and record one or more time instants corresponding to oneor more values of the key signals, time intervals corresponding to oneor more values of the key signals, and/or any other timing informationabout the key signal. More particularly, for example, the timer may beused track and record a period of time during which the key movesbetween the “top” position and the “end” position (e.g., T_(TOP) _(_)_(TO) _(_) _(END) as described in connection with step 1005). Duringthis period of time, the key signals may be acquired by one or moresensors. And the key signal S may be also updated in one or more steps.

In step 1002, process 1000 may determine whether a first value of thekey signal exceeds a first reference value corresponding to a firstposition of the key. The first value of the key signal may be obtainedat a first time instant. The first position may be a position locatedbetween the “top” position and the “end” position. For example, thefirst reference value may be the value S_(INT) as described inconnection with FIG. 8 above. In some embodiments, process 1000 maydetermine that the first value of the key signal exceeds the firstreference value in response to determining that the first value of thekey signal is greater than the first reference value.

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the first value ofthe key signal is greater than the first reference value (e.g., “YES” instep 1002), process 1000 can determine that the key is located at aposition between the first position and a second position (e.g., the“end” position). Process 1000 may also proceed to step 1003.Alternatively, in response to determining that the first value of thekey signal is greater than the first reference value (e.g., “NO” in step1002), process 1000 may go to step 1007. Process 1000 may furtherdetermine whether the key has not been depressed, or whether the key isreleased and moves back to the “top” position.

In step 1003, process 1000 may generate a first indication that the keyis located at a position between the first position and the secondposition. The first indication may include any suitable data that canindicate whether the key is located at a position between the firstposition and the second position. For example, the first indication maybe and/or include a numerical value, a bit (e.g., “0” or “1”), and/orany other value. As another example, the first indication may be and/orinclude logical data (e.g., “true” or “false”). In some embodiments, thefirst indication may be a flag including one or more bits (also referredas the first flag). The value of the first flag may be changed from zeroto one in step 1003 if the first value of the key signal is greater thanthe first reference value. The first indication may be stored in anysuitable device.

In step 1004, process 1000 can determine whether the key has reached thesecond position. For example, process 1000 can acquire a second value ofthe key signal at a second time instant. Process 1000 can then determinewhether the second value of the key signal exceeds the value of a secondreference value corresponding to the second position (e.g., “S_(END)” asdescribed in connection with FIG. 8 above). In response to determiningthat the second value of the key signal is greater than the secondreference value, process 1000 can determine that the key has reached the“end” position at the second time instant. Process 1000 can also proceedto step 1005 and can generate a second indication that the key hasreached the second position. The second indication may include anysuitable data that can indicate whether the key has reached the secondposition. For example, the second indication may be and/or include anumerical value, a bit (e.g., “0” or “1”), and/or any other value. Asanother example, the second indication may be and/or include logicaldata (e.g., “true” or “false”). In some embodiments, the secondindication may be a flag including one or more bits (also referred asthe second flag). The value of the second flag may be set to one in step1004 if the key has reached the second position. The second indicationmay be stored in any suitable device.

Alternatively, in response to determining that the key has not reachedthe second position (e.g., “NO” in step 1004), process 1000 candetermine that the key has not reached the second position or that thekey may be released from the second position. Process 1000 may alsoproceed to step 1006.

In step 1006, process 1000 may determine whether the key has reached athird position (e.g., the “top” position). For example, process 1000 canacquire a third value of the key signal and can determine if the thirdvalue of the key signal is not greater than a third reference valuecorresponding to the third position. The third reference value may bethe value “S_(TOP)” as described in connection with FIG. 8 above.Process 1000 may also determine whether the first indication indicatesthat the key has reached the first position and/or whether the secondindication indicates that the key has reached the third position. Forexample, process 100 can determine whether the values of the first flagand the second value are both “1.” In some embodiments, process 100 maydetermine that the key has reached the third position in response todetermining that the third value of the key signal is not greater thanthe third reference value and detecting the first indication and thesecond indication. More particularly, for example, process 1000 candetermine that the key has reached the second position (e.g., the “end”position) previously and has passed the third position. Process 1000 mayalso go to step 1007.

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the third value ofthe key signal is equal to or greater than the third reference value,process 1000 may further determine positional information about the keybased on the first indication and/or the second indication. For example,in response to that the first indication indicates that the key hasreached the first position and that the second indication indicates thatthe key has not reached the second position, process 1000 may determinethat the key has been depressed but has not reached the third position(e.g., the “end” position). As another example, in response todetermining that the first indication indicates that the key has notreached the first position and that the second indication indicates thatthe key has reached the second position, process 1000 can determine thatthe key was released from the third position and currently stays at thefirst position (e.g., the “top” position). As still another example,responsive to a failure to detecting the first indication and the secondindication (e.g., upon determining that the values of the first flag andthe second flag are “0”), process 1000 may determine that the key wasnot depressed and currently stays at the “top” position. Process 1000may go to step 1010 in response to determining that the key has notreached the third position (e.g., “NO” at 1006).

In step 1007, process 1000 can generate a third indication that the keyhas not reached the first position. For example, the third indicationcan be generated by setting the value of the first flag to “0”.

In step 1008, process 1000 can generate a fourth indication that the keyhas not reached the second position. For example, the fourth indicationcan be generated by setting the value of the second flag to “0”.

In step 1009, information about the key signal may be determined and/orstored. For example, one or values of the key signal (the first value,the second value, the third value of the key signal, etc.) may bedetermined/or stored. As another example, process 1000 can determine,process, and/or store timing information about the key signal, such asthe first time instant, the second time instant, the third time instant,one or more time intervals (e.g., a time interval between multiple timeinstants), etc. In a more particular example, process 1000 can determinea period of time during which the key moves between the first positionand the second position, for example, by determining a time intervalbetween the first time instant and the second time instant.

In step 1010, the key signals, the first and second flag value, T_(TOP)_(_) _(TO) _(_) _(END) may be sent to the smart piano system forprocessing. Merely by way of example, the processing exemplified in step1008 may include determining positions of the key, calculatingdepressing velocity of the key, calculating depressing strength, etc.

In some embodiments, process 1000 can be performed iteratively. Forexample, upon performing step 1010, process 1000 can loop back to block1001. In some embodiments, process 100 can conclude in response toreceiving an instruction for concluding the process (e.g., a breaksignal, etc.).

FIG. 11 illustrates another example of a key signal corresponding to atrajectory of a piano key according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. In such example, the smart piano system may set fourthresholds in the whole trajectory. As shown in FIG. 11, the fourthresholds may be named TOP_UP, TOP, MID, TAIL. The four thresholdssubstantially divide the whole trajectory into five sections. Thesesections may or may not be evenly distributed along the axiscorresponding to the key signal.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating another exemplary process 1200 foracquiring a key signal of a piano key according to some embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

Process 1200 may start by acquiring a first value of the key signal ofthe key and starting a timer for time recording. The time to be recordedmay include time of the key reaching positions represented by eachthreshold. The key signal S may be acquired by one or more sensors. Andthe key signal S may be also updated in one or more of the followingsteps.

In step 1202, process 1200 may determine if a first value of the keysignal is greater than a first reference the value of the secondthreshold (e.g., “TOP” as described in connection with FIG. 11 above).If the value of the key signal S is greater than the value of TOP, thekey has been depressed and has passed position represented by the firstthreshold TOP and process 1200 may then go to step 1203. If the value ofthe key signal S is not greater than (i.e., smaller than or equal to)the value of TOP, the key is currently located in a section between theposition represented by the first threshold TOP and the “top” position.Process 1200 may then loop back to step 1201, and wait till the keyreaches the position represented by the first threshold TOP.

In step 1203, time of the key moving from the “top” position and theposition represented by the first threshold TOP (“TOP_TIME” asillustrated in FIG. 12) may be recorded. Then the key may keep movingtowards the “end” position and process 1200 may then go to step 1204.

In step 1204, a second value of the key signal S may be obtained at anew position of the key. The smart piano system may determine if thesecond value of the key signal exceeds the value of the third thresholdMID. If the second value of the key signal exceeds the third thresholdMID (e.g., a “YES” in step 1204), the key has passed positionrepresented by the third threshold MID, and process 1200 may then go tostep 1205. If the second value of the key signal is not greater than(smaller than, or equal to) the value of the third threshold MID (e.g.,a “YES” in step 1204), process 1200 may then loop back to step 1204 andwait till the key reaches the position represented by the thirdthreshold MID.

In step 1205, time that the key reaches the position represented by thethird threshold MID (i.e. MID_TIME) may be recorded. The key may keepmoving (either be depressed towards the “end” position, or move back tothe “top” position), and a third value of the key signal may beacquired. Then, the process may go to step 1206 and step 1210.

In step 1206, the smart piano system may determine if a first messageregarding to the key signal may be provided. Merely by way of example,the first message may include MID_TIME, TOP_TIME, and three values ofthe key signal. In some embodiments, the determination in the step 1206may be performed by checking if difference between the MID_TIME andTOP_TIME reaches a predefined value. The predefined value may be basedon results of several tests performed on the piano 110 (as described inconnection with FIG. 1 above). Merely by way of example, the tests maybe performed by depressing each key one or more times, calculatingdepressing strength of each time of depressing, and recording time ofthe key reaching positions represented by each threshold. The depressingstrength and the time may be used as reference to the predefined value.In step 1206, if the smart piano system determines to provide the firstmessage (“YES” in step 1206), process 1200 may go to step 1211. If thefirst message may not be provided (“NO” in step 1206, process 1200 maygo to step 1207. After step 1206, the key may keep moving and a fourthvalue of the key signal may be acquired.

In step 1207, the smart piano system may determine if the fourth valueof the key signal exceeds the value of the fourth threshold TAIL. If thefourth value of the key signal exceeds the value of the fourth thresholdTAIL, process 1200 may go to step 1208. If the fourth value of the keysignal does not exceed (e.g., being smaller than or equal to) the valueof the fourth threshold TAIL, process 1200 may go to step 1210.

In step 1208, the smart piano system may record time of the key reachesa position represented by the fourth threshold (TAIL_TIME as describedin connection in FIG. 12). Then process 1200 may go to step 1209.

In step 1209, the smart piano system may determine if a second messageregarding to the key signal may be provided. Merely by way of example,the second message may include the MID_TIME, TOP_TIME, TAIL_TIME, andfour values of the key signal. In some embodiments, the determination inthe step 1209 may be performed by checking if the difference between theTAIL_TIME and TOP_TIME reaches a predefined value. The predefined valuemay be based on results of several tests performed on the keys of thepiano 110 (as described in connection with FIG. 1). Merely by way ofexample, the tests may be performed by depressing each key one or moretimes, calculating depressing strength of each time of depressing, andrecording time of the key reaching positions represented by eachthreshold. The depressing strength and the time may be used as referenceto the predefined value. If the smart piano system determines to providethe second message (a “YES” in step 1209), process 1200 may then go tostep 1211. If the smart piano system determines to provide the secondmessage (a “NO” in step 1209), process 1200 may then go to step 1210.After step 1209, the key may keep moving and a fifth value of the keysignal may be acquired.

In step 1210, the smart piano system may determine if the third value(after step 1205), the third value (after step 1207) and/or the fifthvalue (after step 1209) of key signal S is smaller than the firstthreshold TOP_UP. If the value(s) of the key signal is smaller than thevalue of TOP_UP, the key may move back to the “top” position, and belocated in a section between a position represented by the firstthreshold TOP_UP and the “top” position, and process 1200 may go back tostep 1201. If the value(s) of the key signal is not smaller than thevalue of TOP_UP, the key may be located in a section between a positionrepresented by the first threshold TOP_UP and the “top” position, andprocess 1200 may go back to step 1206.

In step 1211, the first and second messages may be converted to NOTE_ONmessage. The NOTE_ON message may include time for the smart piano systemto start generate a musical note, sound frequency and/or loudness of themusical note, etc. After the step 1211, the key may keep moving and asixth value of the key signal may be acquired. Then the process may goto step 1212.

In step 1212, the smart piano system may then determine if the sixthvalue of the key signal is smaller than the value of the first thresholdTOP_UP. If the sixth value of the key signal is smaller than the valueof TOP_UP, the key may move back to the “top” position, and be locatedin a section between a position represented by the first thresholdTOP_UP and the “top” position. Then the smart piano system may provideNOTE_OFF message in step 1213. The NOTE_OFF message may include time forthe smart piano system to end generating the musical note, instructionsto record the sound frequency and loudness of the musical note, etc. Ifthe sixth value of the key signal is not smaller than (greater than, orequal to) the value of TOP_UP, process 1200 may loop back to step 1202and wait till the key passes the position represented by the firstthreshold TOP_UP.

It should be noted that the processes for signal acquisition providedabove are provided for the purposes of illustration, and not intended tolimit the scope of the present disclosure. Apparently for persons havingordinary skills in the art, numerous variations and modifications may beconducted under the teaching of the present disclosure. However, thosevariations and modifications may not depart the protecting scope of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a controller according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 13, thecontroller 160 may include a calibration module 1301, a signalprocessing module 1302, a teaching module 1303, an error detectionmodule 1304, a playback module 1305, a general display module 1306, ageneral sound module 1307, and/or any other component for performingvarious functions in accordance with the present disclosure.

More or less components may be included in the controller 160 withoutloss of generality. For example, two of the modules may be combined intoa single module, or one of the modules may be divided into two or moremodules. In one implementation, one or more of the modules may reside ondifferent computing devices (e.g., desktops, laptops, mobile phones,tablet computers, wearable computing devices, etc.). In someembodiments, the controller of FIG. 13 may be and/or include thecontroller 160 as described above in connection with FIG. 1.

The calibration module 1301 may be configured to calibrate one or moresensors (e.g., sensors 301 of FIG. 3). For example, the sensors may becalibrated by performing one or more operations described in connectionwith FIG. 9 above.

The signal processing module 1302 may receive, process, store, transmit,and/or perform any other function on one or more key signals and/orpedal signals acquired by the signal acquisition engine 120. Forexample, the signal processing module 1302 can receive one or more keysignals and/or pedal signals (e.g., one or more signals generated by thesignal acquisition engine 120 of FIG. 1). The signal processing module1302 can also process the key signals and/or pedals to obtaininformation about motion of one or more keys and/or pedals of a piano(e.g., by determining one or more positions of the keys and/or pedals,calculating velocities of the keys and/or pedals, and a strength ofoperating keys and/or pedals, etc.). The signal processing module canfurther generate one or more instructions indicating timing for musicalnote generation, transmit data (e.g., information about motion of one ormore keys and pedals, timing information for musical notes generation,etc.) and can transmit the instructions to any other part of the smartpiano system.

The teaching module 1303 may be configured to implement a teaching mode.For example, the teaching module 1303 can receive information about asample performance of a piece of music, generate performance informationabout the sample performance (e.g., also referred to herein as the“second performance information”), generate display instructions and/ordisplay parameters for presenting the second performance information,and/or perform any other function to implement the teaching mode. Insome embodiments, the second performance information may include one ormore operation sequences of keys and/or pedals during the sampleperformance, timing information of the keys and/or pedals, musical notesproduced during the sample performance, and/or any other informationabout the sample performance. In some embodiments, the teaching module1303 may be and/or include one or more teaching modules as illustratedin FIG. 14.

The error detection module 1304 may be configured to implement an errordetection mode. For example, the error detection module 1304 may detecterrors in the first and/or second performance information. The errors inthe first and/second performance information may include wrong timing ofoperating one or more keys and/or pedals, wrong operation sequences ofone or more keys and/or pedals, inappropriate strength of operating oneor more keys and/or pedals, etc. The error detection module 1304 mayalso be capable of providing suggestions for the player. The suggestionsmay be based on the errors in the first and/or second performanceinformation. For example, the suggestions may include learning a sampleperformance from another expert, paying more efforts on playing certainmusical notes, etc. In some embodiments, the error detection module 1304may include one or more error detection modules as illustrated in FIG.16.

The playback module 1305 may be configured to implement a playback mode.For example, the playback module 1305 can generate one or moreinstructions for reproducing the first performance information generatedpreviously. For example, the playback module 1305 may reproduce thefirst performance information by displaying images about musical notesand operation sequences of keys or pedals, generate electric soundsand/or acoustic sounds based on the musical notes.

The general display module 1306 and the general sound module 1307 may beconfigured to provide instructions for the display engine 170 and thesound engine 150, respectively. For example, the general display module1306 may provide one more instructions indicating content for displaying(e.g., timing information of operating keys and pedals, musical notes,symbols for indicating operation sequences of keys and pedals, etc.),display parameters (e.g., displaying speed, brightness and/or contrastratio of one or more screens, etc.), and/or any other information fordisplaying. For example, the general sound module 1307 may provide oneor more instructions indicating content for sound generation (e.g., oneor more musical notes emphasized by sounds with specific frequencies orvolumes, etc.), parameters of the sound generation (e.g., start and/orend time of the sound generation, volumes and/or frequencies of thesounds, etc.).

It should be noted that the controller provided above is provided forthe purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. Apparently for persons having ordinary skills in theart, numerous variations and modifications may be conducted under theteaching of the present disclosure. However, those variations andmodifications may not depart the protecting scope of the presentdisclosure.

Turning to FIG. 14, an example of a teaching module in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. As illustrated, theteaching module 1303 may include a second performance informationgenerator 1401, a display parameter setting unit 1402, an output unit1403, and/or any other component for performing a teaching mode inaccordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In someembodiments, each component of the teaching module 1303 can perform oneor more operations described in connection with FIG. 15 below.

The second performance information generator 1401 can generate secondperformance information and/or any other information about pianoperformances. In some embodiments, the second performance informationcan include any suitable information about a performance of a piece ofmusic, such as operation sequences of one or more keys and/or pedals,timing information of the keys and/or pedals, and musical notes in thepiece of music. In some embodiments, the performance may be a sampleperformance of the piece of music that is performed by a piano teach, apianist, and/or any other player.

The second performance information may be generated based on anysuitable data. For example, the second performance information may begenerated based on musical data about the piece of music, such as avideo, an audio file, a picture, etc. In some embodiments, the secondperformance information may be generated based on a video recording aperformance of a player. The second performance information generator1401 may generate information about operation sequences of keys and/orpedals by analyzing body motions (e.g., motion of fingers, motion offeet, etc.) of the player. In some embodiments, the second performanceinformation generator 1401 may record the musical notes played in theaudio file. The operation sequences of keys and/or pedals, timing andstrength of operating keys and/or pedals may also be determined based onthe musical notes, volumes of musical notes played at different times(e.g., different volumes may correspond to different strengths appliedto a key and/or pedal), frequencies of sounds (e.g., sounds with highfrequencies may be played by black keys instead of white keys). In someembodiments, the second performance information generator 1401 may alsogenerate the second performance information from one or more pictures.Merely by way of example, the one or more pictures may include symbolsor patterns indicating the operation sequences of keys and/or pedals.The symbols or patterns in the picture(s) may be converted into amachine-encoded text by optical character recognition (OCR) devices, CCDflatbed scanner, text-to-speech synthesizer, and any other devicecapable of implementing conversion of the picture(s).

The display parameter setting unit 1402 can generate one or moreinstructions, parameters, and/or any other data that can be used topresent the second performance information on a display device (e.g., adisplay device included in and/or communicatively coupled to the displayengine 170). For example, display parameter setting unit 1402 cangenerate data that can be used to render one or more user interfaces forpresenting the second performance information (e.g., one or more userinterfaces of FIGS. 21A-21G). As another example, the display parametersetting unit 1402 can generate one or more parameters for presenting thesecond performance information (also referred to herein as the “displayparameters”). In a more particular example, the display parameters caninclude one or more timestamps related to a playback of the secondperformance information (e.g., a start time, an end time, and/or anyother timestamp related to the playback of the content). In another moreparticular example, the display parameters can include one or moreencoding parameters, decoding parameters, and/or any other parameterthat can be used to decode, process, display, and/or perform otherfunction on content related to the second performance information. Thecontent related to the second performance may include one or moreimages, video content, audio content, graphics, text, and/or any othercontent.

The output unit 1403 can provide the display data (e.g., instructions,display parameters, etc.), the musical data, the second preformationinformation, and/or any other data to one or more other devices forprocessing, storing, presentation, etc.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example 1500 of a process forperforming a teaching mode in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure. Process 1500 may be performed by processing logicthat comprises hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmablelogic, microcode, etc.), software (e.g., instructions run on aprocessing device to perform hardware simulation), or a combinationthereof. In some implementations, process 1500 may be performed by aprocessing device 105 as described above in connection with FIG. 1.

As illustrated, process 1500 may begin by acquiring one or moreinstructions for performing the teaching mode in step 1501. Theinstructions may be and/or include one or more user inputs, instructionsgenerated by the controller 160, etc. The instructions may include oneor more instructions indicating a user request to initiate the teachingmode, one or more settings for performing the teaching mode (e.g.,setting a start time, an end time, and/or any other timing informationfor the teaching mode, selecting content provided by the teaching mode,etc.), and/or any other information about the teaching mode. Theinstructions may also include one or more instructions for storing dataexisted in the teaching mode (e.g., the user request, setting(s),contents provided by the teaching mode, etc.), transmitting the data toany other part of the smart piano system.

In step 1502, process 1500 may receive musical data. The musical datamay be received from the external input engine 140, the storage device130, a cloud-based storage device, a server, and/or any other devicethat is capable of providing musical data. The musical data can includeany information about a piece of music, such as a video, an audio file,a picture, etc. In some embodiments, the piece of music may beidentified by a user (e.g., a player of the piano). For example, thesmart piano system can prompt the user to select a piece of music from alist of pieces of music and/or to provide information about the piece ofmusic (e.g., by providing one or more user interfaces). As anotherexample, the player may identify the piece of music and/or the musicaldata by initiate a download of the musical data and/or extraction of themusical data from a device that stores the musical data. In someembodiments, the piece of music can be identified based on audio contentrelated to a performance of the piece of music (e.g., using suitableaudio matching, fingering, and processing techniques).

In step 1503, the musical data may be converted into second performanceinformation. The conversion may be achieved by the second performanceinformation generator 1401 using methods described in connection withFIG. 14 above.

In step 1504, process 1500 may generate data for presenting the secondperformance. The data can include one or more instructions, settings,parameters, and/or any other information that can be used to present thesecond performance information. In some embodiments, the data caninclude one or more display parameters, instructions, etc. generated bythe display parameter setting unit 1402.

In step 1505, the second performance information may be modified basedon the displaying parameters, settings, instructions and any otherinformation for performing the teaching mode. In some embodiments,content of the second performance information may be changed accordingto the settings. For example, if the settings include a user request toomit presentation of one or more musical notes on a display device, themusical notes in the second performance information may be deleted. Themodified second performance information may be displayed via the displayengine 170.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an error detection module according tosome embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the errordetection module 1304 may include a first performance informationgenerator 1601, an error detection unit 1602, a suggestion generator1603, and/or any other component for performing an error detection modein accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In someembodiments, each components of the error detection module 1304 canperform one or more operations described in connections with FIG. 17below.

The first performance information generator 1601 may generate firstperformance information and/or any other information about pianoperformances. In some embodiments, the first performance information mayinclude any suitable information about a first performance of a piece ofa music by a player (e.g., a user of the smart piano system). Forexample, the first performance information can include information aboutoperation sequences of one or more keys and/or pedals, timinginformation of the keys and/or pedals, musical notes generated by thefirst performance, chords played by the player, and/or any otherinformation about the first performance. The first performanceinformation may be generated based on one or more key signals and/orpedal signals. For example, the first performance information generator1601 may record operation sequences of one or more keys and/or pedals,calculate strength and velocity of operating keys and/or pedals, andreproduce musical notes by extracting corresponding information in thekey signals and pedal signals.

The error detection unit 1602 may detect errors in the performance basedon the first performance information. The errors may include one or moreerrors in timing of operating one or more keys and/or pedals during thefirst performance, errors in operation sequences of one or more keysand/or pedals, inappropriate strengths applied to one or more keysand/or pedals, erroneous chords played during the performance, and/orany other information that may be regarded as being an error. The errorsmay be detected based on reference performance informationrepresentative of a sample performance of the piece of music. The firstperformance information and the reference performance information maycorrespond to performances of the same music (e.g., a piano piece). Insome embodiments, the errors may be detected by comparing one or moreportions of the first performance information with correspondingportions of the reference performance information. For example, thefirst performance information and the reference performance informationmay be compared to detect discrepancies in operation sequences of keysand/or pedals, strengths applied to keys and/or pedals, velocities ofkeys and/or pedals, start times and/or end times of operating keysand/or pedals, musical notes produced by the two performances, etc. Insome embodiments, the reference performance information may be thesecond performance information generated by the second performanceinformation generator 1401.

The suggestion generator 1603 may generate suggestions for a player.Exemplary suggestions may include learning sample performances fromexperts, paying more efforts on playing certain musical notes, etc. Insome embodiments, the suggestions may be from a cloud-based storagedevice, a server, and/or any other device capable of providing thesuggestions. For example, the suggestions may be stored in a cloud-basedstorage device indexed by any possible error. Each error may be directedto one or more suggestions. In some embodiments, the suggestions may befrom one or more real-time expert databases. Each real-time expertdatabase may be connected to one or more experts which may providesuggestions after receiving one or more errors. The smart piano systemmay provide the errors to one or more real-time expert databases andextract suggestions from the real-time expert databases. In someembodiments, the suggestions may be generated based on history of errorsrecorded by the smart piano system. For example, if number of one ormore certain errors exceeds a threshold value, the smart piano systemmay provide suggestions to prompt the player's notice on the error(s).

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example 1700 of a process forperforming an error detection mode in accordance with some embodimentsof the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 17, process 1700 may begin by determining if any keysignal or pedal signal has been acquired within a time interval T₀ instep 1701. The time interval T₀ may be set empirically. In someembodiments, the time interval T₀ may be based empirically on timeinterval of a player depressing two successive keys. The time intervalT₀ may be a few seconds, or a few minutes, or any other suitable value.

If one or more of the key signals and/or pedal signals may be providedby the signal acquisition engine 120 of FIGS. 1 and 3, process 1700 maythen go to step 1702. If no key signal or pedal signal may be providedby the signal acquisition engine 120, process 1700 may determine that aperformance has been completed and may go to step 1706.

In step 1702, the first performance information may be generated basedon one or more of the key signals and/or pedal signals. For example, theerror detection module 1304 may record operation sequences of one ormore keys and/or pedals, calculate strength and velocity of operatingkeys and/or pedals, and reproduce musical notes by extractingcorresponding information in the key signals and pedal signals.

In step 1703, the first performance information may be processed and/oranalyzed to detect one or more errors in the first performanceinformation may be detected. In some embodiments, the error detectionmay be performed by comparing the first performance information with thereference performance information representative of a sampleperformance. The errors may be detected by the error detection unit 1602(as described in connection with FIG. 16). Details may be omitted forsimplicity. If any error is found in the first performance information,process 1700 may then go to step 1704. If no error is found in the firstperformance information, process 1700 may then loop back to step 1701and begin a new round of error detection.

In step 1704, the first performance information, the errors of the firstperformance information, the time of the performance, and any otherinformation existed in process 1700 may be recorded.

In step 1705, error number of wrong first performance informationaccordingly may be incremented by a step.

Process 1700 may then loop back to the step 1701 and may determinewhether any signal acquired after a time interval T₀. If no signal beingacquired after the time interval, which may indicate the performance iscompleted, process 1700 may go to step 1706. In step 1706, one or moresuggestions may be provided to the player. In some embodiments, process1700 may compare the detected errors in the newly recorded firstperformance information with historical data about errors detected inthe player's previous performances. The error detection module 1304 mayalso compare the detected errors with errors from a database. In someembodiments, the database may be internet based. Merely by way ofexample, the smart piano system may access the database via the externalinput engine 140 and run certain applications to evaluate the errors inthe newly recorded first performance information.

In step 1707, the errors in the first performance information andsuggestions may be provided to the player. Merely by way of example, theerrors in the first performance information and suggestions may bedisplayed in the display engine 170.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a playback module1305 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown,the playback module 1305 may include a first performance informationgenerator 1801, a musical data generator 1802, a second performanceinformation generator 1803, and/or any other component for performing aplayback mode in accordance with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. In some embodiments, each component of the playback module1305 can perform one or more operations described in connection withFIG. 19 below.

The first performance information generator 1801 may generate the firstperformance information about performances of a player. The firstperformance information may include any information that can begenerated by the first performance information generator 1601 of FIG.16. In some embodiments, the first performance generator 1801 of FIG. 18can be and/or include the first performance information generator 1601of FIG. 16.

The musical data generator 1802 may convert the first performanceinformation into musical data. The musical data may be in any suitableform, such as a video, an audio file, a picture, etc. The musical datamay be stored in the storage device 130, a database, a personalcomputer, and/or any suitable storage device.

The playback unit 1803 may convert the musical data into the secondperformance information. In some embodiments, the playback unit 1803 mayextract operation sequences of one or more keys and/or pedals, timinginformation (e.g., start and/or end time of musical note generation) ofmusical notes, and any other information in order to convert the musicaldata into the second performance information. The playback unit 1803 mayalso provide the second performance information to the player. In someembodiments, the playback unit 1803 may transmit the second performanceinformation and/or the musical data to the display engine 170 and/or thesound engine 150. The display engine 170 may present the secondperformance information in form of videos, images, etc. The sound engine150 may present the second performance in form of acoustic and/orelectric sounds.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example 1900 of a process forperforming a playback mode in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure. Process 1900 may be performed by processing logicthat comprises hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmablelogic, microcode, etc.), software (e.g., instructions run on aprocessing device to perform hardware simulation), or a combinationthereof. In some implementations, process 1900 may be performed by aprocessing device 105 as described above in connection with FIG. 1.

As illustrated, process 1900 may begin by acquiring one or more keysignals and/or pedal signals in step 1901.

In step 1902, the first performance information may be generated. Insome embodiments, the first information may be generated according toone or more key signals and/or pedal signals. The first performanceinformation may be generated by the first performance informationgenerator 1801 using the methods described in connection with FIG. 18above.

In step 1903, the first performance information may be converted intomusical data in step 1903. The musical data may be converted by themusical data generator 1802 as described in connection with FIG. 18above.

In step 1904, the musical data may be stored. The musical data may be inany suitable form, such as a video, an audio file, a picture, etc. Themusical data may be stored in the storage device 130, a database, apersonal computer, and/or any suitable storage device.

In step 1905, the playback module 1305 may receive playbackinstructions. The playback instructions may be and/or include one ormore user (e.g., a player) inputs, instructions generated by thecontroller 160, etc. The instructions may include one or moreinstructions indicating a user request to initiate the playback mode,one or more settings for performing the playback mode (e.g., setting endtime for the playback mode, selecting contents provided by the playbackmode, etc.), and/or any other information about the playback mode. Theinstructions may also include one or more instructions for storing dataexisted in the playback mode (e.g., the user request, setting(s),contents provided by the teaching mode, etc.), transmitting the data toany other part of the smart piano system. For example, a player maydecide to playback a piece of music he just played. In some embodiments,the smart piano system may automatically require the piece of music aplayer just played to be played back.

In step 1906, the musical data may be converted into a secondperformance information according to the playback instructions. Themusical data may be converted by the second performance informationgenerator 1803 using the methods described in connection with FIG. 18above.

In step 1907, the second performance information may be provided for theplayer. Merely by way of example, the second performance information maybe presented in the display engine 170 and the sound engine 150. Thedisplay engine 170 may present the second performance information inform of videos, images, etc. The sound engine 150 may present the secondperformance in form of acoustic and/or electric sounds.

It should be noted that the components of the controller provided aboveare provided for the purposes of illustration, and not intended to limitthe scope of the present disclosure. Apparently for persons havingordinary skills in the art, numerous variations and modifications may beconducted under the teaching of the present disclosure. However, thosevariations and modifications may not depart the protecting scope of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a display engineaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 20, the display engine 170 may include a teaching interface 2001,an error display interface 2002, a playback interface 2003, a generaldisplay interface 2004, a modulator 2005, and/or any other component forperforming various functions in accordance with the present disclosure.

More or less components may be included in the display engine 170without loss of generality. For example, two of the interfaces may becombined into a single interface, or one of the interfaces or themodulator may be divided into two or more interfaces and/or modules. Inone implementation, one or more of the modules may reside on differentcomputing devices (e.g., desktops, laptops, mobile phones, tabletcomputers, wearable computing devices, etc.). In some embodiments, thedisplay engine of FIG. 20 may be and/or include the display engine 170as described above in connection with FIG. 1.

The teaching interface 2001 may communicate with the teaching module1303 and any other component of the smart piano system. In someembodiments, the teaching interface 2001 may receive, process and storedata (e.g., the displaying parameters, the teaching instructions, themusical data, the second performance information, etc.) about theteaching mode (as described in FIGS. 14 and 15). In some embodiments,the teaching interface 2001 may transmit the data about the teachingmode to the modulator 2005. The teaching interface 2001 may direct themodulator 2005 to present the data about the teaching mode. For example,the modulator 2005 may display musical notes, virtual keys, indicatorsfor one or more keys and/or pedals, teaching videos and any othercontent in one or more display devices.

The error display interface 2002 may communicate with the errordetection module 1304 and any other component of the smart piano system.In some embodiments, the error display interface 2002 may receive,process, and store data about the error detection mode (e.g., the keysignals, the pedal signals, the first performance information, theerrors in the first performance information, the suggestions, etc.). Insome embodiments, the error display interface 2002 may transmit the dataabout the error detection mode to the modulator 2005. The error displayinterface 2002 may direct the modulator 2005 to present the data aboutthe error detection mode. For example, the modulator 2005 may displaymusical notes, virtual keys, indicators for one or more keys and/orpedals, videos, errors in the first performance information and/or anyother content in one or more display devices.

The playback interface 2003 may communicate with the playback module1305 and/or any other component of the smart piano system. In someembodiments, the playback interface 2003 may receive, process and storedata (e.g., the key signals, the pedal signals, the first performanceinformation, the musical data, the playback instructions, the secondperformance information, etc.) about the playback mode (as described inconnection with FIGS. 18 and 19). In some embodiments, the playbackinterface 2003 may transmit the data about the playback mode to themodulator 2005. The playback interface 2003 may direct the modulator2005 to present the data about the playback mode. For example, themodulator 2005 may display musical notes, virtual keys, indicators forone or more keys and/or pedals, videos and any other content in one ormore display devices.

The general display interface 2004 may be communicate the generaldisplay module 1304 and any other component of the smart piano system.In some embodiments, the general display interface 2004 may receive,process and store data (e.g., the key signals, the pedal signals, thefirst performance information, the musical data, the displayingparameters, the second performance information, etc.) as described inconnection with FIG. 13. In some embodiments, the general displayinterface 2004 may transmit the data to the modulator 2005. The generaldisplay interface 2004 may direct the modulator 2005 to present thedata. For example, the modulator 2005 may display musical notes, virtualkeys, indicators for one or more keys and/or pedals, videos and anyother content in one or more display devices.

The modulator 2005 may be configured to receive, process, present datafrom any other part of the display engine 170. In some embodiments, themodulator 2005 may include one or more screens to present the data. Theone or more screens may present the data in any suitable form, such asvideos, pictures, etc. Merely by way of example, the one or more screensmay display videos regarding to fingering sequences of keys in a pieceof music, pictures regarding to musical manuscripts, etc. In someembodiments, the modulator 2005 may communicate with one or moreelectronic devices, such as a portable DVD player, a portable gamingdevice, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), amusical video player (e.g., a MP4 player), or any other suitable fixedor portable device. For example, the modulator 2005 may connect to oneor gaming devices and present the player a game regarding to a piece ofmusic.

It should be noted that the components of the display engine providedabove are provided for the purposes of illustration, and not intended tolimit the scope of the present disclosure. Apparently for persons havingordinary skills in the art, numerous variations and modifications may beconducted under the teaching of the present disclosure. However, thosevariations and modifications may not depart the protecting scope of thepresent disclosure. For example, the components of the display enginemay not operate independently. In some embodiments, the error displayinterface 2002 may work together with the playback interface 2003. In amore particular embodiment, the smart piano system may acquire one ormore user (e.g., a player) requests, which may direct the smart pianosystem to playback a piece of music the player previously played anddisplay errors in the piece of music simultaneously.

FIGS. 21A though 21G illustrate examples of user interfaces forpresenting performance information and/or musical data according to someembodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B, one or more key indicators (e.g.,rectangle-like key indicator 2101 and bubble-like key indicators 2102)and/or virtual keys (e.g., virtual keys 2103) may be displayed in theuser interface. The one or more key indicators and/or virtual keys maybe in any suitable form. Merely by way of example, shape of the keyindicators and the virtual keys may substantially be bubble, rectangle,triangle, polygon, or any combination thereof. The one or more keyindicators and/or virtual keys may correspond to one or more real keysin a keyboard of the piano 110 (as described in connection with FIG. 1).The key indicators may be changed according to depressing strength anddepressing time of the corresponding keys. In some embodiments, thedepressing strength of keys may be utilized to define length (e.g.,height of the rectangle-like key indicator 2101) or diameter (e.g.,diameter of the bubble-like key indicator 2102) of the corresponding keyindicators. Merely by way of example, the height of the rectangle-likekey indicators 2101 or the diameter of the bubble-like key indicators2102 may be gradually reduced after the corresponding keys aredepressed. The key indicators 2101 and 2102 may also move from top ofthe display area to bottom in a velocity proportional to the depressingtime of the corresponding keys.

FIG. 21C shows another exemplary user interface on which the keyindicator (e.g., the rectangle-like key indicator 2101) may be alsodisplayed together with one or more virtual keys 2103. Each virtual keymay correspond to a real white or black key in the keyboard. In someembodiments, size of each virtual key 2103 may substantially be equal tothe real white or black key. The key indicators may work together withthe virtual keys 2103 to indicate depressing sequences, the depressingstrength and depressing time of the real keys.

FIGS. 21D through 21F illustrate some other exemplary user interfaces inaccordance to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Asillustrated, the user interfaces may include a video play area 2104, amusical annotation display area 2105, a musical manuscript displayingarea 2106, and any other display area to display any suitable content.In some embodiments, the video play area 2104 may display one or morevideos about a piece of music. For example, a teaching video may providea sample performance from an expert by displaying the rectangle-like keyindicator 2101 and fingering sequences of the keys. In some embodiments,the musical annotation display area 2105 may provide musicalannotations, such as annotations about one or more musical notes,annotations about background of a piece of music (e.g., the person whocomposed the piece of music, stories about the piece of music, etc.),suggestions for the player, and any other suitable musical annotation.In some embodiments, the musical manuscript displaying area 2106 mayprovide one or more musical manuscripts. The one or more musicalmanuscripts may be used to identify a preceding musical note and asubsequent musical note.

FIG. 21G illustrates another exemplary user interface according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. The user interface illustrated inFIG. 21G may provide one or more virtual keys and function icons 2107.In some embodiments, each function icon may be coupled to one or morevirtual keys. The functions represented by the function icons may betriggered by a player depressing an individual real key or a combinationof several keys in the keyboard of the piano 110 (as described inconnection to FIG. 1). One or more virtual keys may indicate sequencesof depressing one or more keys. For example, depressing one or more realkeys in the keyboard may be used to trigger a function control interface(not shown in FIG. 21G). The function control interface may not betriggered when a piece of music is played. The function controlinterface may include several function icons 2107. The functions may betriggered by depressing the real keys or the combination of real keys inthe keyboard.

In some embodiments, one or more functions of the smart piano system maybe performed responsive to a user's operation of one or more controldevices, such as one or more additional pedals installed on a piano(e.g., function-selection pedals as described below), one or more MIDIkeyboards, etc. Each of the control devices may be integrated with thesmart piano system and/or implemented as a stand-alone device. One ormore of the control devices may be operated by a user's hands, feet,etc. One or more functions of the smart piano system may be performedresponsive to any user input received via the control device(s), such asgestures, eye movement, etc. For example, a first performanceinformation related to a piece of music may be generated when a userfingers on a MIDI keyboard.

As another example, as shown in FIG. 21H, a piano 110 may include one ormore pedals, such as one or more function-selection pedals 2108 andpiano pedals 2110. Each of the pedals can be operated by a user's footand/or feet. Each of piano pedals 2110 may be or include a foot-operatedlever that can modify the piano's sound. For example, the piano pedals2110 may include a soft pedal (e.g., a una corda pedal) that may beoperated to cause the piano to produce a softer and more ethereal tone.As another example, the piano pedals 2110 may include a sostenuto pedalthat may be operated to sustain selected notes. As still anotherexample, the piano pedals 2110 may include a sustaining pedal (e.g., adamper pedal) that may be operated to make notes played continue tosound until the pedal is released.

Each of function-selection pedals 2108 may be and/or include afoot-operated input device that can receive user input entered by auser's foot and/or feet. In some embodiments, one or more of thefunction-selection pedals 2108 are not used to play a piece of music.Motions of one or more function-selection pedals 2108 and/or one or moremusic-playing pedals may be detected by one or more pedal sensors (asdescribed in connection with FIG. 3-4). The one or more pedal sensorsmay be and/or include an opto-electric sensor, a magneto-electricsensor, an angle sensor, a piezo-electric sensor, a Hall sensor, agrating sensor, a potentiometer, an encoder, a TACT switch, or a limitswitch. Information about the motions of the pedals (as described inconnection with FIG. 2-4) may be transmitted to the controller 160, thestorage device 130, and/or any other component of the smart pianosystem. The information about motions of the pedals may be transmittedvia long-distance communication (e.g., optical fiber, WLAN, radio wave,etc.) and/or short-distance communication (e.g., Bluetooth, ZigBee,Wi-Fi, etc.).

When a user operates one or more function-selection pedals 2108, thesmart piano system may perform one or more functions based on theoperation of the pedal(s), such as turning pages of a music sheet,presenting content on a display (e.g., moving a cursor presented by thedisplay engine), adjusting one or more parameters (e.g., volume, displayspeed, beat of a piece of music, etc.) for presentation of contentrelated to the first performance information and/or the secondperformance information, implementing one or more modes and/or functions(e.g., sound compensation) defined by the smart piano system, a functiondefined by a user, and/or any other function of the smart piano system.In some embodiments, operation of one or more particularfunction-selection pedals 2108 (e.g., a pedal, a combination of pedals,etc.) in a particular manner may cause one or more functions of thesmart piano system to be performed. For example, upon a user operate oneor more particular pedals 2108, the smart piano system may generateand/or detect one or more pedal signals indicative of the operation ofthe pedal(s). The smart piano system can also identify one or morefunctions corresponding to the operation of the pedal(s) based on thepedal signals. The smart piano system can then perform the functions. Insome embodiments, a user may cause different functions of the smartpiano system to be performed by operating a particularfunction-selection pedal in various manners. For example, a firstfunction may be performed when the user operates the function-selectionpedal once. A second function may be performed when the user operatesthe pedal multiple times within a time interval. In some embodiments, auser may cause different functions of the smart piano system to beperformed by operating multiple function-selection pedals in aparticular order and/or combination (e.g., by operating thefunction-selection pedals simultaneously or substantiallysimultaneously, by operating the function-selection pedals sequentially,etc.).

It should be noted that the display engine described above is providedfor the purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope ofthe present disclosure. Apparently for persons having ordinary skills inthe art, numerous variations and modifications may be conducted underthe teaching of the present disclosure. However, those variations andmodifications may not depart the protecting scope of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a sound engineaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, thesound engine 150 may include a sound generation module 2201, a soundcompensation module 2204, and/or any other component for performingvarious functions of the sound engine in accordance with the presentdisclosure. The sound compensation module 2204 may further include amanual compensation unit 2205, an automatic compensation unit 2206,and/or any other component for sound compensation.

More or less components may be included in the sound engine 150 withoutloss of generality. For example, two of the modules and/or units may becombined into a single module and/or unit, or one of the modules and/orunits may be divided into two or more modules and/or units. In oneimplementation, one or more of the modules and/or units may reside ondifferent computing devices (e.g., desktops, laptops, mobile phones,tablet computers, wearable computing devices, etc.). In someembodiments, the sound engine of FIG. 22 may be and/or include the soundengine 150 as described above in connection with FIG. 1.

The sound generation module 2201 may further include an acoustic soundgeneration unit 2202, an electric sound generation unit 2203, and/or anyother component for generating sounds in accordance with the presentdisclosure. The acoustic sound generation unit 2202 may generateacoustic sounds via one or more acoustic parts, such as key actuators,and pedal actuators. In some embodiments, the key actuators and pedalactuators may operate the keys and pedals without involvement of a user.Merely by way of example, the key actuators and pedal actuators mayinclude one or more motors driven by PMW mechanisms.

The electric sound generation module 2203 may generate electric sounds.For example, the electric sound generation module 2203 can generateaudio content using one or more synthesizers, sequencers, audio codecs,digital processors, and/or any other device that can generate audiocontent representative of sounds. In some embodiments, the audio contentmay be included in one or more electric signals (e.g., analog signals,digital signals, etc.). The electric sound generation module 2203 canalso provide playback of the audio content via one or more speakers. Insome embodiments, the speakers may be located under the keyboard of thepiano to improve quality of the electric sounds received by audiences(e.g., the player).

The sound compensation module 2204 may perform sound compensation. Asillustrated in FIG. 22, the sound compensation module 2204 may furtherinclude a manual compensation unit 2205, an automatic compensation unit2206, and any other part implementing sound compensation. The manualcompensation unit 2205 may be configured to implement variouscompensation modes. The compensation modes may include one or more modesindicating no sound compensation, one or more modes indicating soundswith certain sound frequencies may be provided, one or more modesindicating sounds with certain volumes may be provided, one or moremodes indicating sound compensation may be performed when certainmusical notes are played, and any other suitable compensation mode.

The automatic compensation unit 2206 may be configured to acquireinformation that can be used to perform sound compensation. Suchinformation can include environmental information, a type of the piano(e.g., an upright piano, a grand piano, etc.), user preferences (e.g., aparticular compensation mode to be performed), etc. The environmentalinformation may include but not limit to information about an acousticenvironment in which the piano is played, such as the size of a room inwhich the piano is played, the structure of the room, noise in theacoustic environment (e.g., ambient noise), etc. The environmentalinformation may be detected by one or more detectors. For example, roomstructure and room size may be detected by ultrasound detectors. Asanother example, ambient noise may be detected by sound detectors. Oneor more compensation parameters (e.g., one or more parameters aboutvolume, frequencies, timbres, and/or any other characteristic of soundsgenerated to perform the sound compensation, etc.) may be generatedbased on the environmental information, the type of the piano, and/orany other information. For example, if the smart piano system isinstalled in a noisy environment, the smart piano system may increasethe volume of the sounds generated by the sound generation module 2201.As another example, frequencies of the sound may be determined based onthe type of the piano. More particularly, for example, low frequencycomponents may be added to compensate sounds produced by an uprightpiano.

It should be noted that the sound engine described above is provided forthe purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. Apparently for persons having ordinary skills in theart, numerous variations and modifications may be conducted under theteaching of the present disclosure. However, those variations andmodifications may not depart the protecting scope of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an example 2300 of a process for asound engine according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.Process 2300 may be performed by processing logic that compriseshardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, programmable logic,microcode, etc.), software (e.g., instructions run on a processingdevice to perform hardware simulation), or a combination thereof. Insome implementations, process 2300 may be performed by a processingdevice 105 as described above in connection with FIG. 1.

Process 2300 may begin by receiving inputs about sound generation and/orsound compensation. The inputs may be and/or include one or more userinputs, instructions generated by the controller 160, musical data aboutone or more performances, etc. The inputs may include one or moreinstructions indicating a user request to perform sound compensation,one or more settings for sound generation and/or sound compensation(e.g., setting start and end time for the sound compensation, volumesand frequencies of sounds, etc.), and/or any other information about thesound generation and/or sound compensation. Merely by way of example,the smart piano system may acquire inputs by the player about whetheracoustic music may be played, or whether the manual compensation may beperformed.

In step 2302, the smart piano system may determine if acoustic soundsare to be generated. The acoustic sounds may be generated based on theinputs received in step 2301. If the acoustic sounds may be played,process 2300 may then go to step 2304. If the acoustic sounds may not beplayed, process 2300 may then go to step 2303.

In step 2303, a second performance information may be generated based onthe musical data about one or more performances. The musical data may beobtained from the external input engine 140, the storage device 130, adatabase, and/or any suitable storage device. The second performanceinformation may be generated based on the methods described inconnection with FIG. 14.

In step 2304, the smart piano system may determine if sound compensationis to be performed. This determination may be made based on the inputsreceived in step 2301 and/or any other step. If sound compensation isnot to be performed, process 2300 may then go to step 2308. If the soundcompensation is to be performed, process 2300 may go to step 2305.

In step 2305, the smart piano system may determine if manualcompensation is to be performed. This determination may be made based onthe inputs received in step 2301 and/or any other step. If manualcompensation is to be performed, process 2300 may then go to step 2308.If the manual compensation may not be performed, process 2300 may thengo to step 2306.

In step 2306, the smart piano system may acquire information that can beused to perform sound compensation. Such information can includeenvironmental information, a type of the piano (e.g., an upright piano,a grand piano, etc.), user preferences (e.g., a particular compensationmode to be performed), etc. The information may be acquired by theautomatic compensation unit 2206 using methods described in connectionwith FIG. 22.

In step 2307, one or more compensation parameters may be generated. Theone or more compensation parameters (e.g., volumes, frequencies, timbresof sounds, etc.) may be generated based on the inputs receiving in step2301 and/or any other step, the environmental information, and any otherinformation in process 2300.

In step 2308, the smart piano system may provide one or morecompensation modes for the player. The one or more compensation modesmay be selected based on methods described in connection with FIG. 22above.

In step 2309, the acoustic sounds and/or the electric sounds may begenerated. The acoustic sounds and/or the electric sounds may begenerated based on the second performance information, the environmentalinformation, the compensation parameters, the compensation modes, andany other information. For example, the compensation parameters maydefine various characteristics (e.g., volumes, frequencies, etc.) of thesounds.

It should be noted that the above steps of the flow diagrams of FIGS.2A, 2B, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, and 23 can be executed or performed inany order or sequence not limited to the order and sequence shown anddescribed in the figures. Also, some of the above steps of the flowdiagrams of FIGS. 2A, 2B, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, and 23 can be executedor performed substantially simultaneously where appropriate or inparallel to reduce latency and processing times. Furthermore, it shouldbe noted that FIGS. 2A, 2B, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, and 23 are providedas examples only. At least some of the steps shown in these figures canbe performed in a different order than represented, performedconcurrently, or altogether omitted.

FIG. 24 illustrates another example of a sound engine according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, the sound engine mayinclude one or more speakers 2401, key actuators 2402, and/or any othercomponent of the sound engine.

More or less components may be included in the sound engine without lossof generality. For example, two of the components may be combined into asingle component, or one of the component may be divided into two ormore components. In one implementation, one or more of the componentsmay reside on different computing devices (e.g., desktops, laptops,mobile phones, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, etc.). Insome embodiments, the sound engine of FIG. 22 may be and/or include thesound engine 150 as described above in connection with FIG. 1.

The speakers 2401 may generate electric sounds. The speakers (e.g., 2.1speakers) may be capable of generating a wide array of variousfrequencies and timbres. The speakers may be installed on the piano 110or apart from the piano 110. In some embodiments, the speakers 2401 maybe installed under the keyboard of a piano 110 to minimize distancebetween sound source (i.e., the speakers) and audiences (e.g., theplayer), and provide clear sounds to the audiences.

The key actuators 2402 may be used to generate acoustic sounds bystriking the keys on the keyboard. The key actuators 2402 may be drivenby one or more motors using PWM mechanisms. The key actuators 2402 maystrike the keys on the keyboard with a steady frequency. In someembodiments, the smart piano system may transmit the first and/or thesecond performance information about a piece of music to the soundengine, and direct the key actuators to play the piece of music.

It should be noted that the sound engine and the process for the soundengine described above are provided for the purposes of illustration,and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.Apparently for persons having ordinary skills in the art, numerousvariations and modifications may be conducted under the teaching of thepresent disclosure. However, those variations and modifications may notdepart the protecting scope of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 25 and 26 illustrate a piano equipped with an exemplary smartpiano system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Asillustrated in FIG. 25, the smart piano system may include an integrateddevice 2501, a display engine 170, a controller 160, one or morespeakers 2401, an array of LED 601, one or more sensors 301, an autoplayengine 180, and/or any other component for implementing variousfunctions of the smart piano system.

More or less components may be included in the smart piano systemwithout loss of generality. For example, two of the modules may becombined into a single module, or one of the modules may be divided intotwo or more modules. In one implementation, one or more of the modulesmay reside on different computing devices (e.g., desktops, laptops,mobile phones, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, etc.). Insome embodiments, the controller of FIG. 25 may be and/or include thesmart piano system 100 as described above in connection with FIG. 1.

The integrated device 2501 may receive, process, store and/or transmitdata (e.g., the first performance information, the second performanceinformation, musical data, etc.) in the smart piano system. Exemplaryintegrated device 2501 may be a desktop computer (e.g., MAC MINI), apersonal computer, a laptop, a MP3 player, MP4 player, and/or any othersuitable device. In some embodiments, the integrated device 2501 maytransmit the data to the storage device 130, the sound engine 150, thecontroller, the display engine 170. In some embodiments, the integrateddevice 2501 may also serve as the external input engine 140 to introducemusical data into the controller 160. In some embodiments, theintegrated device 2501 may include one or more applications to processthe data. For example, the integrated device 2501 may extract musicalnotes from a picture containing a written musical manuscript certainapplications (e.g., optical character reader).

The array of LED 601 may emit beams of light (e.g., ultraviolet light,visible light, infrared light, etc.) to indicate keys to be depressedfor a player. In some embodiments, the array of LED 601 may be installedabove the keyboard of the piano 110.

The autoplay engine of FIG. 25 may be and/or include the autoplay engine180 as described in connection with FIG. 1 above. As shown in FIG. 25,the autoplay engine 180 may include one or more actuators 2503, aprotection module 2504, and/or any other component for performingvarious functions of the autoplay engine according to some embodimentsof the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, the actuator(s) 2503 may include one or more keyactuators, one or more pedal actuators, and/or any other component forimplementing the autoplay engine 180. The key actuator(s) may strike oneor more keys of a piano (e.g., a piano as described in connection withFIG. 1). The one or more pedal actuators may operate one or more pedalsof a piano (e.g., a piano as described in connection with FIG. 1). Theactuator 2503 may be driven by one or more motors. For example, one ormore actuators 2503 may include one or more digital solenoids to provideenergy for striking one or more keys and/or pedals.

In some embodiments, the protection module 2504 may perform one or moreprotective functions (e.g., detecting temperature of one or moreactuators 2503, adjusting a current, voltage, and/or rating of one ormore digital solenoids, detecting and recording deterioration conditionof the autoplay engine 180, and/or any other component of the smartpiano system, etc.) to maintain functional and structural consistency ofthe autoplay engine 180 and/or any other component of the smart pianosystem. For example, the protection module 2504 may include one or moretemperature sensors to detect temperature of the digital solenoids. Insuch example, the protection module 2504 may adjust power supply for thedigital solenoids based on changes in the temperature. In someembodiments, if the temperature reaches a threshold, the protectionmodule 2504 may adjust power supply (e.g., by decreasing the currentapplied to the digital solenoids, cutting off the power supply, etc.) todecrease the temperature of the digital solenoids. After the digitalsolenoids cool down (e.g., when the temperature is lower than thethreshold), the protection module 2504 may adjust the power supply toimplement functions of the actuators (e.g., by increasing the electriccurrent, providing electric supply, etc.). In some embodiments, thethreshold may be set according to one or more characteristics of thedigital solenoids, such as the size of the digital solenoids, a currentand/or voltage applied to the digital solenoids, the rating of thedigital solenoids, materials of the digital solenoids, the number of thedigital solenoids used in the smart piano system, etc. The threshold mayalso be set according to one or more tests about performance of thedigital solenoids in a range of temperatures and/or any otherinformation that can be used to determine the threshold.

The smart piano system further includes one or more speakers. Asillustrated in FIG. 26, the speakers 2401 may not be installed on thepiano 110. The speaker 2401 may be installed apart from the piano 110.In some embodiments, the speaker 2401 may connect to the piano 110 viashort-distance communication (e.g., Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, etc.),and/or long-distance communication (e.g., optical fiber, WLAN, radiowave).

The smart piano system may further include one or more screens (asdescribed in connection with FIG. 1). Multiple screens may be used topresent content in accordance with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure. In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 26B, the smartpiano system may include screens 2602 and 2603. In some embodiments,screens 2602 and 2603 may be installed adjacent to a keyboard of apiano. Screens 2602 and/or 2603 may also be perpendicular or parallel tothe keyboard. For example, one or more screens may be installed in thebody of the piano and be parallel to the keyboard. One or more screensmay be installed above the keyboard and may be perpendicular to thekeyboard. While two screens are illustrated in FIG. 26B, this is merelyillustrative. For example, any suitable number of screens (e.g., one,three, etc.) may be used to facilitate various functions of the smartpiano system in accordance with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

As shown in FIG. 26B, joint section 2604 of the screens 2602 and 2603may include a boundary of the screen 2602 (e.g., the right boundary), aboundary of the screen 2603 (e.g., the left boundary), space between thescreens, etc. In some embodiments, joint section 2604 may be alignedwith two successive portions of the real keyboard (e.g., two successivereal keys of the real keyboard). For example, as shown in FIG. 26B, thejoint section 2604 may align with (e.g., pointing to or substantiallypointing to) a gap between two successive real keys of the piano (e.g.,two adjacent white keys, a white key and an adjacent black key, etc.).The width of the joint section 2604 may substantially be equal to thegap between the successive keys. In such example, the gap between thetwo successive keys is not presented in the screens 2602 or 2603 in theform of virtual keys. The rest portions of the two successive keys canbe presented by the screen 2602 and/or the screen 2603.

Content presented on screens 2602 and 2603 may or may not be the same.For example, screens 2602 and/or 2603 may present a virtual keyboard (asdescribed in connection with FIG. 21A-G). More particularly, forexample, each of screens 2602 and 2603 may present one or more portionsof the virtual keyboard (e.g., content related to one or more virtualkeys of the keyboard) so that content related to the virtual keyboard ispresented on screens 2602 and 2603. In some embodiments, the portion(s)of the virtual keyboard presented on the screen 2602 and the portion(s)of the virtual keyboard presented on the screen 2603 constitute acomplete virtual keyboard. Each virtual key of the virtual keyboard maycorrespond to one real key in the keyboard of the piano. Afterdepressing one real key, the screen 2602 and/or the screen 2603 maypresent content indicating that the corresponding virtual key is alsodepressed.

As another example, screens 2602 and/or 2603 may present symbols relatedto one or more pedals 2605. The one or more pedals 2605 may include oneor more pedals for playing a piece of music, and one or morefunction-selection pedals (as described in connection with FIG. 21H).The symbols related to one or more pedals 2605 may include one or morevirtual pedals (each pedals of the piano may correspond to one or morevirtual pedals), symbols indicative of one or more functions triggeredby function-selecting pedal(s), and/or any other symbols related to theone or more pedals 2605.

Screens 2602 and 2603 may or may not communicate with other component ofthe smart piano system using the same method. In some embodiments, thescreens may communicate with each other directly. For example, onescreen may receive, transmit, process, and/or store data from the otherscreen. The data may include displaying parameters, the firstperformance information, the second performance information, and/or anyother data for presenting contents on the screens. Two screens maycommunicate with each other indirectly. For example, the screens maycommunicate with each other via the display engine 170, the controller160, and/or any other part of the smart piano system.

Screens 2602 and 2603 may or may not have the same type. In someembodiments, one screen may be one of a liquid crystal display (LCD), alight emitting diode (LED)-based display, a flat panel display or curvedscreen, a television device, a cathode ray tube (CRT), or the like. Twoscreens may be different with each other. For example, the screen 2602may be a liquid crystal display for presenting music sheet, while thescreen 2603 may be a LED-based display for presenting one or morevirtual keys.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the followingdiscussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description,discussions utilizing terms such as “sending,” “receiving,”“generating,” “providing,” “calculating,” “executing,” “storing,”“producing,” “determining,” “obtaining,” “calibrating,” “recording,” orthe like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, orsimilar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transformsdata represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computersystem's registers and memories into other data similarly represented asphysical quantities within the computer system memories or registers orother such information storage, transmission or display devices.

The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. as used herein aremeant as labels to distinguish among different elements and may notnecessarily have an ordinal meaning according to their numericaldesignation.

In some implementations, any suitable computer readable media can beused for storing instructions for performing the processes describedherein. For example, in some implementations, computer readable mediacan be transitory or non-transitory. For example, non-transitorycomputer readable media can include media such as magnetic media (suchas hard disks, floppy disks, etc.), optical media (such as compactdiscs, digital video discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), semiconductor media(such as flash memory, electrically programmable read only memory(EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM),etc.), any suitable media that is not fleeting or devoid of anysemblance of permanence during transmission, and/or any suitabletangible media. As another example, transitory computer readable mediacan include signals on networks, in connectors, conductors, opticalfibers, circuits, any suitable media that is fleeting and devoid of anysemblance of permanence during transmission, and/or any suitableintangible media.

It should be noted that the piano equipped with the smart piano systemin some specific embodiments is provided for the purposes ofillustration, and not intended to limit the scope of the presentdisclosure. Apparently for persons having ordinary skills in the art,numerous variations and modifications may be conducted under theteaching of the present disclosure. However, those variations andmodifications may not depart the protecting scope of the presentdisclosure.

Furthermore, the recited order of processing elements or sequences, orthe use of numbers, letters, or other designations therefore, is notintended to limit the claimed processes and methods to any order exceptas may be specified in the claims. Although the above disclosurediscusses through various examples what is currently considered to be avariety of useful embodiments of the disclosure, it is to be understoodthat such detail is solely for that purpose, and that the presentdisclosure are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on thecontrary, are intended to cover modifications and equivalentarrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the disclosedembodiments. For example, although the implementation of variouscomponents described above may be embodied in a hardware device, it mayalso be implemented as a software only solution—e.g., an installation onan existing server or mobile device.

Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description ofembodiments of the present disclosure, various features are sometimesgrouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereoffor the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in theunderstanding of one or more of the various inventive embodiments. Thismethod of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting anintention that the claimed subject matter requires more features thanare expressly recited in each claim. Rather, inventive embodiments liein less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment.

1. A piano system, comprising: a processing device to: receive aplurality of key signals related to a first performance of a piece ofmusic, wherein each of the plurality of key signals corresponds tomotion of at least one key of a piano during the first performance;generate first performance information based on the plurality of keysignals; receive musical data related to a second performance of thepiece of music; generate second performance information based on themusical data; and provide content for presentation on a display devicebased on the first performance information and the second performanceinformation.
 2. The piano system of claim 1, further comprising aplurality of key sensors configured to generate the plurality of keysignals.
 3. (canceled)
 4. The piano system of claim 1, wherein theprocessing device is further to: receive a first pedal signalcorresponding to motion of a pedal of the piano during the firstperformance; and generate the first performance information based on thepedal signal.
 5. The piano system of claim 4, wherein the processingdevice is further to perform at least one function based on an inputreceived via a function-selection pedal, wherein the function comprisesat least one of turning pages of a music sheet, presenting at least aportion of the content on the display device, or adjusting one or moreparameters related to presentation of the content.
 6. The piano systemof claim 5, wherein the piano system further comprises a pedal sensorconfigured to generate a second pedal signal based on the input receivedvia the function-selection pedal, and wherein the processing device isfurther to perform the at least one function in response to receivingthe second pedal signal.
 7. (canceled)
 8. The piano system of claim 1,wherein the processing device is further to determine positionalinformation about a first key of the piano based on a first key signal,wherein the plurality of key signals comprises the first key signal. 9.The piano system of claim 1, wherein, to determine the positionalinformation, the processing device is further to compare a plurality ofvalues of the first key signal with a plurality of reference values, andwherein the plurality of reference values corresponds to a plurality ofpositions of the first key.
 10. The piano system of claim 1, wherein, toprovide the content for presentation on the display device, theprocessing device is further to generate at least one display parameterfor displaying the content.
 11. The piano system of claim 1, wherein theprocessing device is further to generate the content based on the secondperformance information, and wherein the content comprises at least onecontent item indicative of a strength to be applied to a key of thepiano, an operation sequence of a plurality of keys of the piano, or amusic sheet.
 12. The piano system of claim 1, wherein the firstperformance information comprises at least one of an operation sequenceof a plurality of piano keys, positional information about the pianokeys, or a musical note, and the second performance informationcomprises at least one of an operation sequence of a plurality of pianokeys, positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note.13. (canceled)
 14. The piano system of claim 1, wherein the contentcomprises at least one virtual keyboard, and wherein the virtualkeyboard comprises a plurality of virtual keys corresponding to aplurality of real keys of the piano.
 15. (canceled)
 16. (canceled) 17.The piano system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further toperform sound compensation based on at least one of information of anacoustic environment, a type of the piano, or the first performanceinformation.
 18. (canceled)
 19. The piano system of claim 1, furthercomprising a plurality of adaptors configured to couple a plurality ofsubstrates to the piano, wherein said plurality of adaptors furthercomprise at least one connection unit, the connection unit moving in afirst direction for a predefined arrange of distance, said connectionunit further comprising at least one supporting structure configured toconnect a plurality of keys of the piano to the plurality of adaptors.20. (canceled)
 21. (canceled)
 22. The piano system of claim 1, whereinthe processing device is further to: compare the first performanceinformation with the second performance information; detect at least oneerror in the first performance based on the comparison; and provide thecontent based on the error.
 23. A method of providing a piano system,comprising: receiving a plurality of key signals related to a firstperformance of a piece of music, wherein each of the plurality of keysignals corresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano during thefirst performance; generating, by a processing device, first performanceinformation based on the plurality of key signals; receiving musicaldata related to a second performance of the piece of music; generatingsecond performance information based on the musical data; and providing,by the processing device, content for presentation on a display devicebased on the first performance information and the second performanceinformation.
 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising: receivingat least one pedal signal corresponding to motion of a pedal of thepiano during the first performance; and generating the first performanceinformation based on the pedal signal.
 25. The method of claim 23,further comprising determining positional information about a first keyof the piano based on a first key signal, wherein the plurality of keysignals comprises the first key signal.
 26. The method of claim 25,wherein determining the positional information comprises comparing aplurality of values of the first key signal with a plurality ofreference values, and wherein the plurality of reference valuescorresponds to a plurality of positions of the first key.
 27. The methodof claim 23, wherein providing the content for presentation on thedisplay device comprises generating at least one display parameter fordisplaying the content.
 28. The method of claim 23, further comprisinggenerating the content based on the second performance information,wherein the content comprises at least one content item indicative of astrength to be applied to a key of the piano, an operation sequence of aplurality of keys of the piano, or a music sheet.